SHIN Y J，MIDGLEY G F，ARCHER E R M，et al.Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate［J］.Global change biology，2022，28（9）：2846-2874.

SEDDON N，SMITH A，SMITH P，et al.Getting the message right on nature-based solutions to climate change［J］.Global change biology，2021，27（8）：1518-1546.

CBD.Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity： framework： draft decision submitted by the president ［EB/OL］.（2022-12-19）［2025-06-24］.https：//www.cbd.int/doc/c/7a5e/1d9a/f8718d1a5dd9828dba764053/cop-15-item9a-nonpaper-president-en.pdf.

TEDERSOO L，SEPPING J，MORGUNOV A S，et al.Towards a co-crediting system for carbon and biodiversity［J］.Plants，people，planet，2024，6（1）：18-28.

STIER A，CHEREL E，CLAUDET J，et al.Conserved areas：obligations，challenges，risks and opportunities for successful implementation of other effective area-based conservation measures （OECMs） in France［J］.People and nature，2025，7（9）：2154-2171.

PÖRTNER H O， SCHOLES R J， AGARD J， et al.Scientific outcome of the IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change［R］.Bonn： Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services， 2021.

DREISS L M，LACEY L M，WEBER T C，et al.Targeting current species ranges and carbon stocks fails to conserve biodiversity in a changing climate：opportunities to support climate adaptation under 30 × 30［J/OL］.Environmental research letters，2022，17（2）：024033［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.31.458416 .

RAYDEN T，JONES K R，AUSTIN K，et al.Improving climate and biodiversity outcomes through restoration of forest integrity［J/OL］.Conservation biology，2023，37（6）：e14163［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14163.

UNFCCC.Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries：approaches to stimulate action［EB/OL］.（2005-12-06）［2025-06-24］.https：//unfccc.int/sites/default/files/awg4_com_plus_red.pdf.

UNFCCC.Methodological guidance for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation， sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries［EB/OL］.（2010-03-30）［2025-06-24］.https：//unfccc.int/files/na/application/pdf/cop15_ddc_auv.pdf.

PESKETT L， YANDA P.The REDD+ outlook： how different interests shape the future-ODI Background Notes［R］.London： Overseas Development Institute， 2014.

WEAVER S.Practitioner perspective on REDD：commercial challenges in project-based rainforest protection financing in the Asia-Pacific Region［J］.Asia Pacific viewpoint，2015，56（1）：140-152.

DANIELSEN F，BEUKEMA H，BURGESS N D，et al.Biofuel plantations on forested lands：double jeopardy for biodiversity and climate［J］.Conservation biology，2009，23（2）：348-358.

MAXWELL S L，CAZALIS V，DUDLEY N，et al.Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century［J］.Nature，2020，586（7828）：217-227.

JONAS H，LEE E，JONAS H，et al.Will ‘other effective area-based conservation measures’ increase recognition and support for ICCAs？［J］.Parks，2017，23（2）：63-78.

CBD.Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures （Decision 14/8） ［EB/OL］.（2018-11-30）［2025-06-24］.https：//www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf.

Protected Planet.Discover the world’s protected and conserved areas ［EB/OL］.（2025-06-01）［2025-06-24］.https：//www.protectedplanet.net/en.

BROOME N P.Recognising territories and areas conserved by Indigenous peoples and local communities （ICCAs） overlapped by protected areas［M］.Switzerland：IUCN，2024.

IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs.Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures［M］.Switzerland：IUCN，2019.

黎明，秦响玲，朱玉茹，等.生物多样性金融发展运行机制、框架体系与模式探索［J］.林产工业，2025，62（12）：101-108.LI M，QIN X L，ZHU Y R，et al.Operational mechanisms，framework architectures，and paradigmatic exploration in biodiversity finance development［J］.China forest products industry，2025，62（12）：101-108 （in Chinese with English abstract） .

WALDRON A， ADAMS V， ALLAN J， et al.Protecting 30% of the planet for nature： costs， benefits and economic implications［R］.Chicago ： Conservation Research Institute， 2020.

COAD L，WATSON J E，GELDMANN J，et al.Widespread shortfalls in protected area resourcing undermine efforts to conserve biodiversity［J］.Frontiers in ecology and the environment，2019，17（5）：259-264.

黎明，秦响玲，朱玉茹，等.自然保护区生物多样性抵消价值实现的理论框架与运行机制［J］.生物多样性，2026，34（1）：148-163.LI M，QIN X L，ZHU Y R，et al.Theoretical framework and operational mechanisms of value realization in biodiversity offsetting for nature reserves［J］.Biodiversity science，2026，34（1）：148-163 （in Chinese with English abstract） .

KIM Y，KIM C K，LEE D K，et al.Quantifying nature-based tourism in protected areas in developing countries by using social big data［J］.Tourism management，2019，72：249-256.

STRASSBURG B B N，IRIBARREM A，BEYER H L，et al.Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration［J］.Nature，2020，586（7831）：724-729.

IUCN.Global standard for nature-based solutions［M］.Gland：IUCN，2019.

WEST T A P，BÖRNER J，FEARNSIDE P M.Climatic benefits from the 2006—2017 avoided deforestation in Amazonian Brazil［J/OL］.Frontiers in forests and global change，2019，2：52［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00052.

UN-REDD Programme.UN-REDD 2026-2030 Strategy［R］.Geneva： UN-REDD Programme， 2024.

POTAPOV A M，GUERRA C A，VAN DEN HOOGEN J，et al.Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails［J/OL］.Nature communications，2023，14：674［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36216-6.

UNDP.Creating a nature positive future： the contribution of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures［R］.New York： UNDP， 2021.

VARGAS D B， DELAZERI L M M， FERREIRA V H P.Voluntary carbon market in Brazil in reality and in practice［R］.Rio de Janeiro： Fundação Getúlio Vargas， 2021.

STEPHENSON P J.Technological advances in biodiversity monitoring：applicability，opportunities and challenges［J］.Current opinion in environmental sustainability，2020，45：36-41.

BARBOSA M L F，DE OLIVEIRA C D C，TONETTI V，et al.Brazil’s restoration blueprint for biodiversity credits［J/OL］.Conservation biology，2025，39（4）：e70063［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70063.

MALHI Y，FRANKLIN J，SEDDON N，et al.Climate change and ecosystems：threats，opportunities and solutions［J/OL］.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B：biological sciences，2020，375（1794）：20190104［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0104.

DEPREZ A，LEADLEY P，DOOLEY K，et al.Sustainability limits needed for CO 2 removal［J］.Science，2024，383（6682）：484-486.

IPCC.Climate change 2023： synthesis report［R］.Geneva： IPCC， 2023.

UNFCCC.Technical dialogue of the first global stock take ［EB/OL］.（2023-09-08）［2025-06-24］.https：//www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/.

ARCHER E，ARNETH A，LEADLEY P，et al.Achieving the global biodiversity framework under climate change［J/OL］.Global change biology，2025，31（5）：e70249［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70249.

ARNETH A，SHIN Y J，LEADLEY P，et al.Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change［J］.PNAS，2020，117（49）：30882-30891.

PÖRTNER H O，SCHOLES R J，ARNETH A，et al.Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts［J/OL］.Science，2023，380（6642）：eabl4881［2025-06-24］.1https：//doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4881.

SMITH P，ARNETH A，BARNES D K A，et al.How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co-benefit biodiversity？［J］.Global change biology，2022，28（8）：2555-2577.

VAN DEN HURK B J J M，WHITE C J，RAMOS A M，et al.Consideration of compound drivers and impacts in the disaster risk reduction cycle［J/OL］.iScience，2023，26（3）：106030［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106030.

FRIEDLINGSTEIN P， O'SULLIVAN M， JONES M W， et al.Global carbon budget 2020［J］.Earth system science data discussions， 2020， 12（4）： 1-3.

BONGAARTS J.Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services［J］.Population and development review，2019，45（3）：680-681.

WATSON J E M，KEITH D A，STRASSBURG B B N，et al.Set a global target for ecosystems［J］.Nature，2020，578（7795）：360-362.

MORI A S.Advancing nature-based approaches to address the biodiversity and climate emergency［J］.Ecology letters，2020，23（12）：1729-1732.

KREMEN C，MERENLENDER A M.Landscapes that work for biodiversity and people［J/OL］.Science，2018，362（6412）：eaau6020［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6020.

NEWBOLD T，HUDSON L N，CONTU S，et al.Widespread winners and narrow-ranged losers：land use homogenizes biodiversity in local assemblages worldwide［J/OL］.PLoS biology，2018，16（12）：e2006841［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2006841.

LECLÈRE D，OBERSTEINER M，BARRETT M，et al.Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy［J］.Nature，2020，585（7826）：551-556.

SABATINI F M，DE ANDRADE R B，PAILLET Y，et al.Trade-offs between carbon stocks and biodiversity in European temperate forests［J］.Global change biology，2019，25（2）：536-548.

ANDERSON C M，DEFRIES R S，LITTERMAN R，et al.Natural climate solutions are not enough［J］.Science，2019，363（6430）：933-934.

SOLLMANN R，MOHAMED A，NIEDBALLA J，et al.Quantifying mammal biodiversity co-benefits in certified tropical forests［J］.Diversity and distributions，2017，23（3）：317-328.

DI MARCO M，WATSON J E M，CURRIE D J，et al.The extent and predictability of the biodiversity-carbon correlation［J］.Ecology letters，2018，21（3）：365-375.

OSURI A M，MACHADO S，RATNAM J，et al.Tree diversity and carbon storage cobenefits in tropical human-dominated landscapes［J/OL］.Conservation letters，2020，13（2）：e12699［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1111/conl.12699.

KEMPPINEN K M S，COLLINS P M，HOLE D G，et al.Global reforestation and biodiversity conservation［J］.Conservation biology，2020，34（5）：1221-1228.

EDWARDS D P，CERULLO G R，CHOMBA S，et al.Upscaling tropical restoration to deliver environmental benefits and socially equitable outcomes［J］.Current biology，2021，31（19）：R1326-R1341.

STRASSBURG B B N，BEYER H L，CROUZEILLES R，et al.Strategic approaches to restoring ecosystems can triple conservation gains and halve costs［J］.Nature ecology & evolution，2019，3（1）：62-70.

LEWIS S L，WHEELER C E，MITCHARD E T A，et al.Restoring natural forests is the best way to remove atmospheric carbon［J］.Nature，2019，568（7750）：25-28.

MUSTIN K，CARVALHO W D，HILÁRIO R R，et al.Biodiversity，threats and conservation challenges in the Cerrado of Amapá，an Amazonian savanna［J］.Nature conservation，2017，22：107-127.

PISTORIUS T，CARODENUTO S，WATHUM G.Implementing forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia［J/OL］.Forests，2017，8（3）：61［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.3390/f8030061.

REISMAN-BERMAN O，KEASAR T，TEL-ZUR N.Native and non-native species for dryland afforestation：bridging ecosystem integrity and livelihood support［J/OL］.Annals of forest science，2019，76（4）：114［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1007/s13595-019-0903-2.

COSTA F，MAGNUSSON W.Selective logging effects on abundance，diversity，and composition of tropical understory herbs［J］.Ecological applications，2002，12（3）：807-819.

PUTZ F E，SIST P，FREDERICKSEN T，et al.Reduced-impact logging：challenges and opportunities［J］.Forest ecology and management，2008，256（7）：1427-1433.

POULSEN J R，CLARK C J，MAVAH G，et al.Bushmeat supply and consumption in a tropical logging concession in northern Congo［J］.Conservation biology，2009，23（6）：1597-1608.

LECINA-DIAZ J，ALVAREZ A，REGOS A，et al.The positive carbon stocks-biodiversity relationship in forests：co-occurrence and drivers across five subclimates［J］.Ecological applications，2018，28（6）：1481-1493.

STRASSBURG B B N，KELLY A，BALMFORD A，et al.Global congruence of carbon storage and biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems［J］.Conservation letters，2010，3（2）：98-105.

LINDENMAYER D B，HULVEY K B，HOBBS R J，et al.Avoiding bio-perversity from carbon sequestration solutions［J］.Conservation letters，2012，5（1）：28-36.

LIU B X，SCHERER L，VAN BODEGOM P M，et al.Exploring the spatial relationship between carbon storage and biodiversity：a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］.Land degradation & development，2025，36（8）：2786-2797.

FISCHER J，LINDENMAYER D B.Beyond fragmentation：the continuum model for fauna research and conservation in human-modified landscapes［J］.Oikos，2006，112（2）：473-480.

LAURANCE W F，COCHRANE M A，BERGEN S，et al.The future of the Brazilian Amazon［J］.Science，2001，291（5503）：438-439.

BAGUETTE M，SCHTICKZELLE N.Local population dynamics are important to the conservation of metapopulations in highly fragmented landscapes［J］.Journal of applied ecology，2003，40（2）：404-412.

COOK W M，LANE K T，FOSTER B L，et al.Island theory，matrix effects and species richness patterns in habitat fragments［J］.Ecology letters，2002，5（5）：619-623.

CUMBERLIDGE N，NG P K L，YEO D C J，et al.Freshwater crabs and the biodiversity crisis：importance，threats，status，and conservation challenges［J］.Biological conservation，2009，142（8）：1665-1673.

BARLOW J，HAUGAASEN T，PERES C A.Effects of ground fires on understorey bird assemblages in Amazonian forests［J］.Biological conservation，2002，105（2）：157-169.

RICKETTS T H.Tropical forest fragments enhance pollinator activity in nearby coffee crops［J］.Conservation biology，2004，18（5）：1262-1271.

PERES C A，BARLOW J，HAUGAASEN T.Vertebrate responses to surface wildfires in a central Amazonian forest［J］.Oryx，2003，37（1）：97-109.

DUPUITS E，CRONKLETON P.Indigenous tenure security and local participation in climate mitigation programs：exploring the institutional gaps of REDD+ implementation in the Peruvian Amazon［J］.Environmental policy and governance，2020，30（4）：209-220.

GIZACHEW B，ASTRUP R，VEDELD P，et al.REDD+ in Africa：contexts and challenges［J］.Natural resources forum，2017，41（2）：92-104.

ANGELSEN A.REDD+ as result-based aid：general lessons and bilateral agreements of Norway［J］.Review of development economics，2017，21（2）：237-264.

EKAWATI S，SUBARUDI，BUDININGSIH K，et al.Policies affecting the implementation of REDD+ in Indonesia （cases in Papua，Riau and Central Kalimantan）［J/OL］.Forest policy and economics，2019，108：101939［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.05.025.

WUNDER S，ENGEL S，PAGIOLA S.Taking stock：a comparative analysis of payments for environmental services programs in developed and developing countries［J］.Ecological economics，2008，65（4）：834-852.

WALDRON A，JUSTICIA R，SMITH L E.Making biodiversity-friendly cocoa pay：combining yield，certification，and REDD for shade management［J］.Ecological applications，2015，25（2）：361-372.

PASGAARD M.Lost in translation？How project actors shape REDD+ policy and outcomes in Cambodia［J］.Asia Pacific viewpoint，2015，56（1）：111-127.

HIRSCH P D，ADAMS W M，BROSIUS J P，et al.Acknowledging conservation trade-offs and embracing complexity［J］.Conservation biology，2011，25（2）：259-264.

HARVEY C A，DICKSON B，KORMOS C.Opportunities for achieving biodiversity conservation through REDD［J］.Conservation letters，2010，3（1）：53-61.

JOHNSON B A，DASGUPTA R，MADER A D，et al.Understanding national biodiversity targets in a REDD+ context［J］.Environmental science & policy，2019，92：27-33.

CERBU G A，SWALLOW B M，THOMPSON D Y.Locating REDD：a global survey and analysis of REDD readiness and demonstration activities［J］.Environmental science & policy，2011，14（2）：168-180.

黎明， 朱玉茹， 秦响玲.生物多样性绿色投资发展的内在逻辑与实现路径［J］.海南金融， 2025 （8）： 34-41.LI M，ZHU Y R，QIN X L.The internal logic and realization path of green investment and development of biodiversity［J］.Hainan finance，2025 （8）： 34-41 （in Chinese） .

OTERO I，FARRELL K N，PUEYO S，et al.Biodiversity policy beyond economic growth［J/OL］.Conservation letters，2020，13（4）：e12713［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1111/conl.12713.

STANDISH R J，PARKHURST T.Interventions for resilient nature-based solutions：an ecological perspective［J］.Journal of ecology，2024，112（11）：2502-2509.

MA J，QUE Y，GAO D，et al.Green credit interest subsidies and corporate biodiversity attention：insights from financial and fiscal coordination［J/OL］.International review of economics and finance，2026，109：105391［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.105391.

SMITH P，CALVIN K，NKEM J，et al.Which practices co-deliver food security，climate change mitigation and adaptation，and combat land degradation and desertification？［J］.Global change biology，2020，26（3）：1532-1575.

BUCKLEY Y M，AUSTIN A，BARDGETT R，et al.The plant ecology of nature-based solutions for people，biodiversity and climate［J］.Journal of ecology，2024，112（11）：2424-2431.

SEDDON N，CHAUSSON A，BERRY P，et al.Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges［J/OL］.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B：biological sciences，2020，375（1794）：20190120［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0120.

GIRARDIN C A J，JENKINS S，SEDDON N，et al.Nature-based solutions can help cool the planet：if we act now［J］.Nature，2021，593（7858）：191-194.

DREVER C R，COOK-PATTON S C，AKHTER F，et al.Natural climate solutions for Canada［J/OL］.Science advances，2021，7（23）：eabd6034［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org//10.1126/sciadv.abd6034.

SOTO-NAVARRO C，RAVILIOUS C，ARNELL A，et al.Mapping co-benefits for carbon storage and biodiversity to inform conservation policy and action［J/OL］.PNAS，2020，375（1794）：20190128［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0128.

BAR-ON Y M，PHILLIPS R，MILO R.The biomass distribution on earth［J］.PNAS，2018，115（25）：6506-6511.

DING J Y，ELDRIDGE D.Intensifying aridity induces tradeoffs among biodiversity and ecosystem services supported by trees［J/OL］.Global ecology and biogeography，2024，33（10）：e13894［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1111/geb.13894.

JPMorganChase.Optimizing for biodiversity with nature-based projects in the voluntary carbon market： principles for pursuing dual outcomes［EB/OL］.（2025-10-16）［2026-02-10］.https：//www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmorganchase/documents/impact/optimizing-for-biodiversity-in-vcm.pdf.

PONCE DE LEÓN BARIDÓ P， NIELSEN J， PORSBORG-SMITH A， et al.In the voluntary carbon market， buyers will pay for quality［EB/OL］.（2023-09-12）［2025-06-24］.https：//www.bcg.com/publications/2023/why-vcm-buyers-will-pay-for-quality.

COLES T.Identifying an agreed unit of biodiversity change for inclusion in a biodiversity definition［R］.Lincolnshire： rePLANET， 2023.

DI SACCO A，HARDWICK K A，BLAKESLEY D，et al.Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration，biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits［J］.Global change biology，2021，27（7）：1328-1348.

ULLAH F，SAQIB S，XIONG Y C.Integrating artificial intelligence in biodiversity conservation：bridging classical and modern approaches［J］.Biodiversity and conservation，2025，34（1）：45-65.

MCSHANE T O，HIRSCH P D，TRUNG T C，et al.Hard choices：making trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human well-being［J］.Biological conservation，2011，144（3）：966-972.

GOPAL D，VON DER LIPPE M，KOWARIK I.Sacred sites as habitats of culturally important plant species in an Indian megacity［J］.Urban forestry & urban greening，2018，32：113-122.

AWONO A，ASSEMBE M S.Restauration des paysages forestiers et régimes fonciers au Cameroun：acquis et handicaps［M］.South Tangerang： Center for International Forestry Research，2023.

CHAZDON R，BRANCALION P.Restoring forests as a means to many ends［J］.Science，2019，365（6448）：24-25.

STUDLEY J.Indigenous sacred natural sites and spiritual governance：the legal case for juristic personhood［M］.Abingdon：Routledge，2019.

CHAZDON R L，WILSON S J，BRONDIZIO E，et al.Key challenges for governing forest and landscape restoration across different contexts［J/OL］.Land use policy，2021，104：104854［2025-06-24］.https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104854.