三氧化二砷在实体瘤中的作用机制与递送技术研究进展

刘磊; 查育锋; 魏志力

doi:10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2026.26.0023

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三氧化二砷在实体瘤中的作用机制与递送技术研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 三氧化二砷在实体瘤中的作用机制与递送技术研究进展
- Research Advances in Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Technologies of Arsenic Trioxide Against Solid Tumors
- 肿瘤防治研究 2026年53卷第4期页码：301-315
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 陕西中医药大学第二临床医学院,咸阳,712000
  2. 陕西中医药大学第二附属医院普外肝胆一科,咸阳,712000
- 作者简介：
  
  刘磊，男，硕士在读，主要从事肝胆肿瘤的发病机制与免疫治疗相关方面的研究，ORCID: 0009-0006-8176-4206
  魏志力，男，硕士，主任医师，主要从事肝胆肿瘤的基础、临床与转化医学研究，E-mail: 295103764@qq.com, ORCID: 0009-0005-0676-2641
- 基金信息：
  
  秦创原中医药产业创新聚集区项目（中医药大学、医疗机构）（L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-272）
- DOI：10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2026.26.0023
  中图分类号： R730.5
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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刘磊, 查育锋, 魏志力. 三氧化二砷在实体瘤中的作用机制与递送技术研究进展[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2026, 53(4): 301-315.

LIU Lei, ZHA Yufeng, WEI Zhili. Research Advances in Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Technologies of Arsenic Trioxide Against Solid Tumors[J]. 2026, 53(4): 301-315.
刘磊, 查育锋, 魏志力. 三氧化二砷在实体瘤中的作用机制与递送技术研究进展[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2026, 53(4): 301-315. DOI： 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2026.26.0023.

LIU Lei, ZHA Yufeng, WEI Zhili. Research Advances in Mechanisms of Action and Delivery Technologies of Arsenic Trioxide Against Solid Tumors[J]. 2026, 53(4): 301-315. DOI： 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2026.26.0023.

摘要

三氧化二砷（ATO）有着传统中药成分和现代抗癌药物的双重身份，长期以来在急性早幼粒细胞白血病的治疗中疗效卓著。随着ATO在实体瘤治疗领域的研究逐渐增多，其多样化的作用机制及潜在的临床价值引起广泛关注。ATO能够通过诱导多种细胞死亡方式，如凋亡、自噬、焦亡、坏死性凋亡和铁死亡，从而影响肿瘤细胞增殖；也可通过调控分化来影响细胞命运。此外，ATO对肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）的调节作用为其抗肿瘤效果提供了新的作用维度。尽管如此，ATO在实体瘤中的临床应用仍面临生物利用度低、靶向性不足及毒副作用等挑战。针对这些问题，纳米载体和靶向递送系统的开发已成为提升ATO治疗效果的重要策略。本文系统综述了ATO在实体瘤中的多重作用机制及其纳米递送技术的最新进展，探讨ATO联合治疗的潜力和未来发展方向，意在为ATO在实体瘤临床应用的转化提供理论基础和实践指导。

Abstract

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) serves as a component of traditional Chinese medicine and a modern anticancer agent

demonstrating remarkable efficacy in the long-term treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. With increasing research into its application in solid tumors

ATO's diverse mechanisms of action and potential clinical value have attracted widespread attention. ATO can inhibit tumor cell proliferation by inducing various forms of cell death

such as apoptosis

autophagy

pyroptosis

necroptosis

and ferroptosis

as well as by regulating cell differentiation. Moreover

its modulatory effects on the tumor immune microenvironment provide a new aspectto its antitumor activity. Nevertheless

the clinical application of ATO in solid tumors faces challenges such as low bioavailability

inadequate targeting

and adverse effects. The development of nanocarriers and targeted delivery systems has emerged asa key strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of ATO. This review systematically summarizes the multiple mechanisms of action of ATO in solid tumors and recent advances in nanodelivery technologies

explores the potential of ATO-based combination therapies

and discusses future directions

aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the clinical application of ATO in solid tumors.

关键词

Keywords

references

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