天津市儿童医院(天津大学儿童医院)内分泌科,天津 300134
钱莹,Email:qy11666@163.com
收稿:2025-10-21,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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钱莹,张明英,高龙.血清组织蛋白酶S与尿肾损伤分子1联合预测儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒并发急性肾损伤的价值[J].临床肾脏病杂志,2026,26(10):917-925.
Qian Ying,Zhang Ming-ying,Gao Long.Value of combined serum cathepsin S and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 in predicting acute kidney injury in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis[J].Journal of Clinical Nephrology,2026,26(10):917-925.
钱莹,张明英,高龙.血清组织蛋白酶S与尿肾损伤分子1联合预测儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒并发急性肾损伤的价值[J].临床肾脏病杂志,2026,26(10):917-925. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2390.2026.10.003.
Qian Ying,Zhang Ming-ying,Gao Long.Value of combined serum cathepsin S and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 in predicting acute kidney injury in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis[J].Journal of Clinical Nephrology,2026,26(10):917-925. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2390.2026.10.003.
目的
2
针对儿童1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)合并糖尿病酮症酸中毒(diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA)并发急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的临床预测空白,采用最小绝对收缩与选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)-Logistic回归与随机森林算法,系统探讨血清组织蛋白酶S(cathepsin S,CTSS)、尿肾损伤分子1(kidney injury molecule 1,KIM-1)的预测价值,为临床早期识别高危患儿提供依据。
方法
2
回顾性纳入2022年1月至2024年1月天津市儿童医院(天津大学儿童医院)收治的106例5~14岁T1DM伴DKA的患儿,并根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织标准分为AKI组(27例)与非AKI组(79例)。收集患儿的一般资料及实验室指标,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测患儿的血清CTSS、尿KIM-1水平;通过LASSO回归筛选变量,结合Logistic回归分析独立影响因素,利用随机森林算法构建预测模型,受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估血清CTSS、尿KIM-1水平对T1DM伴DKA患儿发生AKI的预测价值。
结果
2
AKI组患儿白蛋白[(46.16±5.95)g/L比(41.97±5.41)g/L]、血糖[(33.29±8.06)mmol/L比(26.27±7.31)mmol/L]、尿酸[462.94(380.35,556.11)μmol/L比305.28(245.85,396.21)μmol/L]、血肌酐[73.62(68.25,80.34)μmol/L比41.18(37.38,45.92)μmol/L]、血尿素氮[9.32(6.83,12.52)mmol/L比4.82(3.41,5.87)mmol/L]、血校正钠[(140.56±5.67)mmol/L比(135.84±5.49)mmol/L]、红细胞压积[(43.05±4.85)%比(36.97±4.28)%]均高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义(
P
<
0.05)。AKI组患儿血清CTSS[1643.42(740.28,1888.60)ng/L比461.57(379.09,569.24)ng/L]、尿KIM-1水平[862.65(760.72,1005.95)ng/L比397.52(342.52,463.98)ng/L]显著高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义(
P
<
0.05)。多因素Logistic回归显示,尿酸(
OR
=1.019,95%
CI
:1.002~1.036)、红细胞压积(
OR
=1.419,95%
CI
:1.026~1.964)、CTSS(
OR
=1.003,95%
CI
:1.000~1.005)、尿KIM-1(
OR
=1.009,95%
CI
:1.002~1.016)是T1DM伴DKA患儿出现AKI的独立影响因素(均
P
<
0.05)。随机森林模型的变量重要性按预测贡献度从高到低降序排列,依次为尿KIM-1、红细胞压积、尿酸、CTSS、血糖、血校正钠以及白蛋白。ROC
曲线结果显示CTSS[曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)=0.849]、尿KIM-1(AUC=0.850)均有良好的预测价值,二者联合预测T1DM伴DKA患儿并发AKI的AUC可提升至0.939(均
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
血清CTSS、尿KIM-1可作为儿童T1DM伴DKA并发AKI的有效预测指标,且二者联合能显著提高预测准确性,为临床早期干预提供参考。
Objective
2
To address the clinical gap in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and to systematically investigate the predictive value of serum cathepsin S (CTSS) and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-logistic regression and random forest algorithms, thereby providing a basis for early identification of high-risk children in clinical practice.
Methods
2
A retrospective study included 106 children aged 5-14 years with T1DM complicated by DKA who were admitted to Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Children's Hospital, Tianjin University) from January 2022 to January 2024. According to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria, the patients were divided into an AKI group (27 cases) and a non-AKI group (79 cases). General clinical data and laboratory indicators were collected. Serum CTSS and urinary KIM-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LASSO regression was used for variable selection, and Logistic regression was applied to identify independent influencing factors. A random forest algorithm was used to construct the prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of serum CTSS and urinary KIM-1 for AKI in children with T1DM complicated by DKA.
Results
2
Compared with the non-AKI group, the AKI group had higher levels of albumin ([46.16±5.95] g/L
vs
[41.97±5.41] g/L), blood glucose ([33.29±8.06] mmol/L
vs
[26.27±7.31] mmol/L), uric acid (462.9
4 [380.35, 556.11] μmol/L
vs
305.28 [245.85, 396.21] μmol/L), serum creatinine (73.62 [68.25, 80.34] μmol/L
vs
41.18 [37.38, 45.92] μmol/L), blood urea nitrogen (9.32 [6.83, 12.52] mmol/L
vs
4.82 [3.41, 5.87] mmol/L), corrected serum sodium ([140.56±5.67] mmol/L
vs
[135.84±5.49] mmol/L), and hematocrit ([43.05±4.85]%
vs
[36.97±4.28]%), with statistically significant differences (
P
<
0.05). Serum CTSS (1643.42 [740.28, 1888.60] ng/L
vs
461.57 [379.09, 569.24] ng/L) and urinary KIM-1 (862.65 [760.72, 1005.95] ng/L
vs
397.52 [342.52, 463.98] ng/L) were also significantly higher in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group (
P
<
0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that uric acid (
OR
=1.019, 95%
CI
: 1.002-1.036), hematocrit (
OR
=1.419, 95%
CI
: 1.026-1.964), CTSS (
OR
=1.003, 95%
CI
: 1.000-1.005), and urinary KIM-1 (
OR
=1.009, 95%
CI
: 1.002-1.016) were independent factors associated with AKI in children with T1DM complicated by DKA (all
P
<
0.05). In the random forest model, the importance of variables in descending order of predictive contribution was urinary KIM-1, hematocrit, uric acid, CTSS, blood glucose, corrected serum sodium, and albumin. ROC analysis showed that both CTSS [area under the curve (AUC)=0.849] and urinary KIM-1 (AUC=0.850) had good predictive value, and their combined prediction of AKI in children with T1DM complicated by DKA improved the AUC to 0.939 (both
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
Serum CTSS and urinary KIM-1 can serve as effective predictive indicators for AKI in children with T1DM complicated by DKA, and their combined use can significantly improve predictive accuracy, providing a reference for early clinical intervention.
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