青藏高原重大道路工程的生态系统影响及狭域物种灭绝风险评估

晋港; 孙耀航; 郭建军; 邹丰翼; 岳东霞

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.042

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青藏高原重大道路工程的生态系统影响及狭域物种灭绝风险评估

更新时间：2026-10-15

- 青藏高原重大道路工程的生态系统影响及狭域物种灭绝风险评估
- Ecological Impacts of Major Road Infrastructure on the Qinghai⁃Xizang Plateau and Extinction Risk Assessment of Narrow⁃Range Species
- 地球科学 2026年51卷第9期页码：3349-3360
- 作者机构：
  
  1.兰州大学资源环境学院，甘肃兰州 730000
  2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，甘肃兰州 730000
- 作者简介：
  
  晋港（1997-），男，在读博士生，主要研究方向为人类活动干扰下植物群落和环境因素动态变化.ORCID： 0009⁃0008⁃0319⁃9760. E⁃mail：120220909661@lzu.edu.cn
  岳东霞，ORCID: 0000⁃0002⁃9007⁃2117.E⁃mail：dxyue@lzu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3007101);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2021QZKK0204)
- DOI：10.3799/dqkx.2026.042
  中图分类号： P66
- 收稿：2025-08-31，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-30
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
晋港，孙耀航，郭建军，邹丰翼，岳东霞，2026.青藏高原重大道路工程的生态系统影响及狭域物种灭绝风险评估.地球科学，51（9）：3349-3360.

Jin Gang，Sun Yaohang，Guo Jianjun，Zou Fengyi，Yue Dongxia，2026.Ecological Impacts of Major Road Infrastructure on the Qinghai⁃Xizang Plateau and Extinction Risk Assessment of Narrow⁃Range Species.Earth Science，51（9）：3349-3360.
晋港，孙耀航，郭建军，邹丰翼，岳东霞，2026.青藏高原重大道路工程的生态系统影响及狭域物种灭绝风险评估.地球科学，51（9）：3349-3360. DOI： 10.3799/dqkx.2026.042.

Jin Gang，Sun Yaohang，Guo Jianjun，Zou Fengyi，Yue Dongxia，2026.Ecological Impacts of Major Road Infrastructure on the Qinghai⁃Xizang Plateau and Extinction Risk Assessment of Narrow⁃Range Species.Earth Science，51（9）：3349-3360. DOI： 10.3799/dqkx.2026.042.

摘要

道路建设与运营作为一种典型的重大人类活动，已成为人类对自然生态系统施加的强烈干扰.准确认识道路对植物群落及其生境的影响，掌握植被和土壤随道路年龄、距离的变化规律，以及由此引发的道路影响范围内狭域物种灭绝风险，能够为道路沿线生物多样性保护和生态恢复提供科学依据.本文以全长约1 000 km的青藏高原中尼交通廊道重大道路工程——中尼公路国内段为研究对象，基于不同道路沿线两侧10~150 m的道路间接干扰区内9个草本样地和19个灌木样地的野外植被和土壤调查数据，分植物群落和物种两个层级，采用线性混合效应模型（LMM）综合评估了不同道路年龄和不同距道路距离对生态系统植被群落特征和土壤理化性质的影响；采用冗余分析（RDA）和距离矩阵相关（Mantel）检验探讨了草本和灌木群落特征与土壤性质的相关性，并利用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型预测了廊道内4种狭域物种的潜在适生区分布及灭绝风险.结果表明，距道路10~150 m的间接干扰区为路域生态系统变化的关键区域，道路通过改变土壤理化性质作为干扰驱动，进而影响着植物群落特征，其中草本群落组成和多样性的变化主要受土壤水分含量（SMC）和pH的变化驱动，而灌木群落则受土壤水分含量、pH、全氮（STN）、全磷（STP）和土壤有机碳（SOC）等变量的影响，其影响程度因距道路距离的不同而不同.其次，在道路两侧5 km缓冲区内灭绝风险最高的为西藏红豆杉，其次为喜马红景天和大花红景天，最低的为多刺绿绒蒿.本文研究结果有助于深入理解青藏高原道路工程对生态系统的影响，对路域受损生态系统修复和狭域物种的保护也有重要指导意义.

Abstract

Road construction and operation

as major forms of human activities

have become important sources of disturbance to natural ecosystems. It is essential for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration along transportation corridors to accurately understand the effects of roads on plant communities and their habitats

to identify how vegetation and soil properties vary with road age and distance from roads

and to assess the associated extinction risks of narrow-range species within road-affected areas. In this study

we investigated the domestic section of the Sino-Nepal Highway

a major road infrastructure project extending approximately 1 000 km across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Based on field surveys of vegetation and soil conducted at nine herbaceous sites and 19 shrub sites located within the indirect road-disturbance zone

10-150 m from both sides of roads of different ages

we evaluated road-induced ecological effects at both the plant community and species levels. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) were used to comprehensively assess the effects of road age and distance from roads on plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel tests were applied to examine relationships between plant community characteristics and soil properties in herbaceous and shrub communities. In addition

the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict the potential suitable habitats and extinction risks of four narrow-range species within the corridor. The results show that the indirect disturbance zone within 10-150 m of roads represents a key area of ecological change in road-affected ecosystems. Roads influenced plant community characteristics primarily through disturbance-induced changes in soil physicochemica

l properties. Changes in the composition and diversity of herbaceous communities were mainly associated with variations in soil moisture content (SMC) and pH

whereas shrub communities were influenced by a broader set of soil variables

including SMC

soil total nitrogen (STN)

soil total phosphorus (STP)

and soil organic carbon (SOC)

with the magnitude of these effects varying with distance from the road. Within a 5 km buffer on both sides of the road corridor

Taxus wallichiana

exhibited the highest extinction risk

followed by

Rhodiola crenulata

and

Rhodiola wallichiana

whereas

Meconopsis horridula

showed the lowest risk. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the ecological impacts of road infrastructure on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and facilitate the future restoration of road-disturbed ecosystems and the conservation of narrow-range species.

关键词

Keywords

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