北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司,北京 100081
李知旂(1999—),男,硕士,工程师;E-mail:hjlzq12345@163.com
收稿:2026-07-23,
修回:2026-09-02,
录用:2026-09-04,
网络首发:2026-10-14,
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李知旂,郝志博,李尚平等.底吹氩钢包中气泡捕获夹杂物的数值模拟[J].特殊钢,
Li Zhiqi,Hao Zhibo,Li Shangping,et al.Numerical Simulation of Inclusion Capture by Argon Bubbles in Bottom-Blowing Ladle[J].Special Steel,
钢包底吹氩精炼是去除钢中非金属夹杂物、改善钢材洁净度的关键手段。然而在实际生产中发现,夹杂物的去除存在明显的“尺寸选择性”:大于150 μm的夹杂物基本能被有效去除,而小于50 μm的微细颗粒却总有一部分残留。为了探究该现象,利用VOF-DPM耦合方法搭建了底吹氩钢包的三维模型,并加入了粒径分组差异化捕获概率模型。通过借鉴气泡-颗粒相互作用理论,推导出了有效黏附因子与粒径之间的标度律,并将其写入UDF嵌入Fluent,从而实现了对50~300 μm六组粒径颗粒的差异化捕获判定。模拟结果显示,气泡捕获和表面滞留共同决定了去除效率,但两者的主导地位随粒径改变较大。对50 μm小颗粒而言,模拟结束时气泡捕获率为39.0%,液面捕获率为44.02%;若将时间外推至2 h,综合去除率可达72.93%。对于≥200 μm的大颗粒,主要依靠上浮后的表面滞留去除(占比超60%),综合去除率在150~200 μm趋于稳定,200 μm时可达82.1%。此外,无法在液面稳定停留是微细颗粒难以去除的主因:50 μm颗粒在液面的平均停留时间仅49.3 s,而≥150 μm颗粒则超过578 s。实验结果清晰揭示了捕获机制随粒径的转换规律,对底吹氩工艺的精细化调整具有实际参考价值。
Ladle bottom-blowing argon refining is essential for removing non-metallic inclusions from molten steel and improving steel cleanliness. However, in actual production, a size-selective issue still exists: inclusions larger than 150 μm can be removed quite effectively, while a portion of fine particles smaller than 50 μm always remains. To investigate this problem, 3D ladle model was built using the VOF-DPM coupled method and a size-grouped capture probability model was implemented. By referring to bubble-particle interaction theory, a scaling law that links the effective attachment factor to particle size was derived and incorporated into Fluent via UDFs. This allowed the capture behavior of six particle groups (50 μm to 300 μm) to be judged differently. The simulation shows that both bubble capture and surface retention control the removal efficiency, but their dominance varies significantly with particle size. For 50 μm particles, the bubble capture rate is 39.0% by theend of the simulation, and the surface capture rate is 44.02%; if the time is extrapolated to 2 h, the overall removal rate would reach 72.93%. For particles ≥200 μm, the removal is mainly attributed to surface retention after flotation, which accounts for over 60% of the removal, and the overall removal rate levels off within the 150 μm–200 μm size range, reaching 82.1% at 200 μm. It was also found that the inability to remain stably at the surface is the main reason why fine particles are difficult to remove: 50 μm particles can only stay at the surface for about 49.3 s on average, while particles ≥150 μm can remain for over 578 s. These results clearly reveal the transition of capture mechanisms with particle size, and they are considered to be of practical reference value for the precise adjustment of the bottom-blowing argon refining process.
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