1.湖北省作物病害监测与安全控制重点实验室,华中农业大学,湖北 武汉,430070
2.陇西县种子站,甘肃 陇西,748199
3.陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西 杨凌,712100
朱惠敏(2000- ),女,农业硕士,研究方向为油菜病害防控,E-mail: 2067244131@qq.com
张静(1981- ),博士,副教授,研究方向为植物病原真菌生物学及其生物防治,E-mail: zhangjing1007@mail.hzau.edu.cn
收稿:2026-03-04,
纸质出版:2026-10-25
移动端阅览
朱惠敏,管青霞,李永红等.油菜根溃疡病的发生危害调查与影响其流行的气候因子分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):230-239.
ZHU Hui-min,GUAN Qing-xia,LI Yong-hong,et al.Surveys for damages caused by rapeseed root canker and analysis of climatic factors influencing its epidemics[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):230-239.
朱惠敏,管青霞,李永红等.油菜根溃疡病的发生危害调查与影响其流行的气候因子分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):230-239. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2026070.
ZHU Hui-min,GUAN Qing-xia,LI Yong-hong,et al.Surveys for damages caused by rapeseed root canker and analysis of climatic factors influencing its epidemics[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):230-239. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2026070.
油菜根溃疡病是在甘肃省陇西县发现的一种新病害。本研究在2021-2024年调查了油菜根溃疡病的田间症状、危害损失、症状出现的时空动态以及与
L. sclerotioides
侵染的关系,分析了温度对这一病害发生的影响;此外,还监测了苜蓿和小麦上
L. sclerotioides
的发生情况。结果表明,在陇西县高海拔(
>
2000 m)地区,油菜根溃疡病对白菜型冬油菜可造成毁灭性损失,重病田发病株率达到100%,病情指数达到75.9~97.6。腐烂根组织变黑,凹陷,表面着生大量颗粒状黑色菌核(分生孢子器前体结构),主根严重腐烂时,油菜植株失去返青生长能力。而主根局部腐烂的油菜植株则可以返青生长、开花、结实,腐烂症状和
L. sclerotioides
菌核仅停留在主根上,没有蔓延至茎秆、枝条和角果。季节发生动态的监测结果表明,油菜根溃疡病仅发生在越冬期(2-4月),这一期间以及越冬前期的持续低温(月均气温3.5℃~13.0℃,月均土温5.3℃~15.2℃)可能是诱发其发生的重要因子。从罹病油菜根组织中分离得到135个真菌分离物。形态和分子鉴定结果表明,它们均属于
L. sclerotioides
。此外,在苜蓿和冬小麦根样品中也检测到
L. sclerotioides
的存在。据作者所知,这种真菌在我国苜蓿和小麦上发生尚属首次发现。
Rapeseed root canker (RRC) is a newly discovered disease in Longxi County
Gansu Province
China. It is closely associated with infection by a
scomycetous fungus
Leptosphaeria sclerotioides.
However
the epidemiology and damage of the disease on rapeseed growth and development remained unknown. This study characterized the field symptoms and spatiotemporal dynamics of RRC and investigated its damage on growth and development of rapeseed as well as the influence of climatic factors on RRC such as temperature. Additionally
occurrence of
L. sclerotioides
on alfalfa and wheat was monitored. The results showed that in high-altitude areas (
>
2000 m) in Longxi
RRC caused a devastating loss on recovery growth of rapeseed from overwintering. In severely infected fields
the disease incidence reached 100% with disease indices at 75.9 to 97.6. Infected roots appeared black in color with sunken cankers
and abundant black sclerotia (e.g. precursors of
L. sclerotioides
pycnidia) were produced on roots surface. Plants with severely-rotted taproots lost ability to regrow in spring
while those with partially rotted taproots could resume growth and develop to maturity. However
the rot symptoms and
L. sclerotioides
were limited on the taproots without spreading to stems or pods. Seasonal monitoring revealed that RRC occurred only at overwintering period from February to April. Consistent low temperatures (monthly average air temperatures from 3.5°C to 13.0°C with monthly average soil temperature from 5.3°C to 15.2°C) during that period might be an important factor inducing occurrence of RRC. A total of 135 fungal isolates were obtained from diseased roots
and they were identified as
L. sclerotioides
based on morphology
as well as molecular detection with specific PCR primers and phylogeny based on ITS sequences. These findings indicated that RRC is an important disease for rapeseed seedling overwintering in high-altitude regions of Longxi County. Furthermore
L. sclerotioides
was detected in alfalfa and winter wheat
which might be the first report of this pathog
enic fungus on these two crops in China.
冯海棠 , 王汉中 . 新形势下的我国食用植物油供给安全对策 [J]. 中国油料作物学报 , 2024 , 46 ( 2 ): 221 - 227 . DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024021 http://dx.doi.org/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024021 .
李永红 , 李建厂 , 任军荣 , 等 . 我国西北地区油菜茎象甲的消长与防治策略 [J]. 中国油料作物学报 , 2009 , 31 ( 4 ): 509 – 512 . CNKI: 1007-9084(2009)04- 0509 - 04 .=-509.
Shang M X , Lyv X , Zhang J , et al . First report of Leptosphaeria sclerotioides on Brassica napus in Northwestern China [J]. Oil Crop Sci , 2023 , 8 ( 2 ): 73 - 80 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.02.001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.02.001 .
Larsen J E , Hollingsworth C R , Flor J , et al . Distribution of Phoma sclerotioides on alfalfa and winter wheat crops in the north central United States [J]. Plant Dis , 2007 , 91 ( 5 ): 551 - 558 . DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0551 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0551 .
Gray F A , Hollingsworth C R , Reedy C J , et al . Pathogenicity of 14 isolates of Phoma sclerotioides , causing brown root rot of alfalfa [J]. Can J Plant Pathol , 2008 , 30 ( 2 ): 285 - 293 . DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2008.10540544 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2008.10540544 .
Davidson J G N . Brown root rot [M]//Stuteville D L, Erwin D C (eds). Compendium of alfalfa diseases (ISBN : 0-89054-108 - 6 . St. Paul MN: American Phytopathological Society , 1990 : 29 - 31 .
Yang W , Jing X Y , Guan Y P , et al . Response of fungal communities and co-occurrence network patterns to compost amendment in black soil of Northeast China [J]. Front Microbiol , 2019 , 10 : 1562 . DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01562 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01562 .
Larsen R C , Hollingsworth C R , Vandemark G J , et al . A rapid method using PCR-based SCAR markers for the detection and identification of Phoma sclerotioides : the cause of brown root rot disease of alfalfa [J]. Plant Dis , 2002 , 86 ( 9 ): 928 - 932 . DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.928 .
White T J , Bruns T , Lee S , et al . Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics [M]// PCR Protocols . Amsterdam : Elsevier , 1990 : 315 - 322 . DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 .
Salonen A . Plenodomus meliloti dearness & Sanford found in Finnish lappland [J]. AFSci , 1962 , 34 ( 1 ): 169 - 172 . DOI: 10.23986/afsci.71580 http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.71580 .
Harris J R . The association of Phoma sclerotioides with root diseases of cereals, legumes and weeds [J]. Australas Plant Pathol , 1986 , 15 ( 1 ): 14 - 17 . DOI: 10.1071/APP9860014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/APP9860014 .
Hollingsworth C R , Gray F A . First report of brown root rot on alfalfa caused by Phoma sclerotioides in the continental United States [J]. Plant Dis , 1999 , 83 ( 11 ): 1071 . DOI: 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.11.1071A http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.11.1071A .
Wang M , Jiang X , Wu W , et al . Psychrophilic fungi from the world’s roof [J]. Persoonia , 2015 , 34 : 100 - 112 . DOI: 10.3767/003158515X685878 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158515X685878 .
Gaudet D A , Bhalla M K . Survey for snow mold diseases of winter cereals in central and northern Alberta, 1983-87 [J]. Can Plant Dis Surv , 1988 , 68 : 15 – 22 .
0
浏览量
0
下载量
0
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621