1.甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州,730070
2.甘肃省高校种业产业研究院,甘肃 兰州,730070
3.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州,730070
4.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃 兰州,730070
张鹏(2000- ),男,硕士研究生,主要从事作物栽培与生态生理理论与技术研究,E-mail:824949445@qq.com
高玉红(1978- ),女,教授,主要从事作物高产高效栽培理论与技术研究,E-mail:gaoyh@gsau.edu.cn
收稿:2026-01-19,
纸质出版:2026-10-25
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张鹏,晁长艳,高玉红等.生物炭对胡麻//豌豆系统作物干物质转运、产量及种间竞争的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):190-200.
ZHANG Peng,CHAO Chang-yan,GAO Yu-hong,et al.Effects of biochar on dry matter transport, yield and interspecific competition of crops in flax//pea system[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):190-200.
张鹏,晁长艳,高玉红等.生物炭对胡麻//豌豆系统作物干物质转运、产量及种间竞争的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):190-200. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2026013.
ZHANG Peng,CHAO Chang-yan,GAO Yu-hong,et al.Effects of biochar on dry matter transport, yield and interspecific competition of crops in flax//pea system[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):190-200. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2026013.
为明确生物炭施用对胡麻//豌豆系统生产力及种间关系的影响,通过田间裂区试验,研究不同生物炭施用量(C0,0 t/hm
2
;C1,10 t/hm
2
;C2,20 t/hm
2
)和种植模式(单作胡麻、单作豌豆、胡麻//豌豆间作)对胡麻和豌豆干物质积累、转运、产量构成、籽粒产量及间作系统种间竞争力的影响。结果表明,连续2年施用生物炭可显著增加胡麻和豌豆植株干物质积累量、干物质最大增长速率和平均增长速率,且随生物炭用量的增加而增加,但在连续施用第3年,20 t/hm²生物炭的作用效果反而低于10 t/hm²生物炭;不同间作系统中,间作较单作显著促进了胡麻干物质积累与转运,其花前干物质转运量、转运率、贡献率及花后干物质积累量较单作显著高出61.03%、42.87%、29.88%和13.85%,而豌豆的花前干物质转运量、转运率和贡献率在单作系统下表现更佳。相对于不施生物炭,2022年C2处理下,胡麻有效蒴果数和产量显著增加13.30%和12.81%,豌豆单株结荚数、每荚粒数和产量显著增加30.44%、17.00%和20.46%,2023年C1处理最佳,胡麻和豌豆产量分别增加13.52%和18.42%。相对于单作,胡麻在间作模式下两年产量平均显著增加18.26%,豌豆在单作下产量更高,2022年在各生物炭水平平均显著增加9.47%,2023年在不施生物炭水平显著增加7.81%;在胡麻//豌豆系统中,胡麻相对竞争力大于0,竞争比率大于1,为优势作物,豌豆则为劣势作物,且各生物炭水平下土地当量比均大于1,间作种植模式有明显产量优势。综上表明,施用生物炭可显著增加胡麻//豌豆系统干物质积累、转运,从而提高胡麻和豌豆籽粒产量,但长期过多生物炭累积不利于其产量的增幅。
In order to clarify the effect of biochar on product and interspecific relationship of flax // pea intercropping system
a field split-plot experiment was conducted using 3 biochar application rates (C0
0 t/hm
2
; C1
10 t/hm
2
; C2
20 t/hm
2
) and different planting patterns (as monoculture flax; monoculture pea
intercropping of flax // pea). The two crops’ dry matter accumulation
translocation
yield components were investigated
as well as grain yield and interspecific competitiveness under intercropping system of flax and pea. Results showed that biochar applications for two consecutive years could significantly increase dry matter
maximum growth rate and average growth rate of both crops
which increased with the biochar dosage. However
in the third year of continuous application
the effect of 20 t/hm
2
biochar was lower than that of 10 t/hm
2
biochar. In different intercropping systems
intercropping significantly promoted dry matter accumulation and transport of flax compared with monoculture
the pre-anthesis dry matter transport
transport rate
contribution rate and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation were significantly
higher than monoculture by 61.03%
42.87%
29.88% and 13.85%
while for pea
pre-anthesis dry matter transport
transport rate and contribution rate were better in monoculture system. Compared with no biochar application
the effective capsule number and yield of flax increased significantly by 13.30% and 12.81% under C2 treatment in 2022; and pod number per plant
grain number per pod and yield of pea increased significantly by 30.44%
17.00% and 20.46%
respectively. In 2023
C1 treatment was the best
and flax and pea yields increased by 13.52% and 18.42% respectively. Compared with monoculture
sesame under intercropping had an average significant increase of 18.26% in yield over two years. Peas had higher yields under monoculture. In 2022
there was an average significant increase of 9.47% across all levels of biochar. In 2023
there was a significant increase of 7.81% at the no-biochar level. In the flax // pea system
the relative competitiveness of flax was greater than 0
and the competition ratio was greater than 1
which was the dominant crop
while pea was the inferior crop. The land equivalent ratio under each biochar level was greater than 1
and the intercropping planting mode had obvious yield advantage. In summary
the application of biochar could significantly increase dry matter accumulation and transport of the flax // pea system
thereby increasing both grain yields of flax and pea
but long-term excessive biochar accumulation is not conducive to yield.
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