1.齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院 抗性基因工程与寒地生物多样性保护黑龙江省重点实验室,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔,161006
2.黑龙江省农科院大庆分院 大豆分子育种学部,黑龙江 大庆,163319
刘江堂(2001- ),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物抗病性,E-mail: kingtt6661@outlook.com
王芳(1981- ),女,副教授,博士,研究方向为病原物与寄主互作,E-mail: wangfangnd@hotmail.com
收稿:2026-01-16,
纸质出版:2026-10-25
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刘江堂,张芷兰,周长军等.纳米氧化锌对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)所致大豆根腐病的防控及促生效果[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):209-219.
LIU Jiang-tang,ZHANG Zhi-lan,ZHOU Chang-Jun,et al.Control and growth-promoting effects of ZnO nanoparticles on soybean root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):209-219.
刘江堂,张芷兰,周长军等.纳米氧化锌对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)所致大豆根腐病的防控及促生效果[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):209-219. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2026012.
LIU Jiang-tang,ZHANG Zhi-lan,ZHOU Chang-Jun,et al.Control and growth-promoting effects of ZnO nanoparticles on soybean root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):209-219. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2026012.
镰刀菌引起的根腐病是一种广泛传播的土传病害,严重损害大豆产量和品质。为明确纳米氧化锌(ZnO Nanoparticles,ZnO NPs)对尖孢镰刀菌所致大豆根腐病的防控效果,评估不同浓度ZnO NP对大豆植株生长及生理活动的影响,本研究对11个黑龙江省大豆主栽品种进行抗性测定,选取感病品种为供试材料,在温室栽培并叶面喷施不同浓度的ZnO NP(100、200、500 mg/L),通过酶活性检测、元素和类黄酮含量分析以及类黄酮合成相关途径基因的实时荧光定量,评价处理效应。结果表明,11个大豆品种对4种镰刀菌的抗性存在差异,合丰50抗性较低,平均病情指数为46.5。在该品种叶面喷施不同浓度的ZnO NP均可降低尖孢镰刀菌根腐病的发病程度,提高植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶SOD(51.00%~82.95%)、过氧化物酶POD(106.11%~223.87%)及过氧化氢酶CAT(74.36%~157.73%)活性,降低叶片及根系丙二醛MDA含量。浓度200 mg/L ZnO NP使病情指数下降85%,植株高度、根长、鲜重及叶片锌元素含量显著增加,叶片及根部类黄酮含量分别是健康对照的1.5和2.0倍。实时荧光定量检测表明ZnO NP对类黄酮合成途径相关基因具有特异性时序调控,诱导表达模式与病原菌明显不同。研究表明,纳米级的锌元素通过提高植株抗氧化酶活性,降低膜质过氧化程度,调控类黄酮合成相关途径基因的表达,促进类黄酮的积累,增强植株抗病能力,促进植株生长,降低尖孢镰刀菌引起的大豆根腐病。
Fusarium
root rot is a widespread soil-borne disease that significantly affects soybean yield and quality. To clarify the control effect of ZnO Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on soybean root rot caused by
F
.
oxysporum
and to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of ZnO NPs on soybean plant growth and physiological functions
11 major cultivated soybean varieties in Heilongjiang Province were tested for resistance. Furthermore
susceptible varieties were leaf-sprayed with ZnO NPs at concentrations of 100
200
and 500 mg/L in a greenhouse. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated using enzyme activity detection
determination of elemental and flavonoid contents
and real-time quantitative fluorescence analysis of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis pathways. The results revealed variations in the resistance of 11 soybean varieties to four
Fusarium
species. Hefeng 50 was more vulnerable
with an average disease index of 46.5. Different concentrations of ZnO NPs on the leaves of Hefeng 50 can reduce the incidence of
F
.
oxysporum
root rot
increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (51.00-82.95%)
peroxidase (106.11-223.87%)
and catalase (74.36-157.73%) in plant leaves
and decrease the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in roots and leaves. A concentration of 200 mg/L ZnO NPs reduced
the disease index by 85% and significantly boosted plant height
root length
fresh weight
and zinc content in leaves. Additionally
the flavonoid content in leaves and roots was 1.5- and 2.0-fold that of the healthy control
respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative detection showed that ZnO NPs specifically and temporally regulated genes involved in flavonoid synthesis pathways
and the induced expression pattern differed significantly from that of the pathogen. The study showed that ZnO NPs enhanced soybean resistance to
F
.
oxysporum
and promoted plant growth by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity
reducing membrane peroxidation
regulating the expression of genes related to the flavonoid synthesis pathway
and promoting flavonoid accumulation.
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