1.山东省农业科学院/ 山东省大田作物生理生态与高效生产重点实验室(筹),山东 济南,250100
2.山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东 济南,250014
唐桂英(1978- ),女,副研究员,硕士,主要从事花生分子遗传改良研究,E-mail: guiyingtang88306@163.com;§
张佳蕾(1984- ),男,研究员,博士,主要从事花生栽培与生理生态研究,E-mail: zhangjialei19@163.com
万书波(1962- ),男,研究员,主要从事花生栽培与生理生态研究,E-mail: wanshubo2016@163.com
收稿:2026-01-04,
纸质出版:2026-10-25
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TANG Gui-ying,ZHANG Jia-lei,SHAN Lei,et al.Research on stem-base soil-cleaning technique in peanut and design of non-cleaning technique[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):174-179.
唐桂英,张佳蕾,单雷等.花生“清棵”技术研究及“免清棵”技术设计[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):174-179. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025302.
TANG Gui-ying,ZHANG Jia-lei,SHAN Lei,et al.Research on stem-base soil-cleaning technique in peanut and design of non-cleaning technique[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):174-179. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025302.
花生是地上开花、地下结果植物,其第一对侧枝的结果数占总结果数的60%以上,该侧枝发育状况直接决定产量形成。花生属于子叶半出土或不出土类型,出苗时子叶埋于土中,对第一对侧枝的生长形成空间限制,影响其发育。传统清棵技术(如“挖窝晒棵”)虽可有效促进侧枝发育、提高产量,但依赖人工操作、效率低,难以适应现代轻简化、规模化栽培需求。本文系统综述了花生下胚轴伸长的生物学特性及其关键调控因子(光照与植物激素)的研究进展,梳理了传统清棵、覆土引升子叶节位等农艺措施的发展历程与技术特点,并从子叶出土型种质创制、品种选育、激素调控、延迟顶芽见光等角度,提出了花生免清棵栽培技术的设计思路与实现路径,旨在为花生轻简化、高产高效栽培提供理论依据与技术支撑。
Peanut (
Arachis hypogaea
L.) is characterized by aerial flowering and subterranean fruiting. The first pair of lateral branches contributes to over 60% of the total pod number
and their development directly determines yield formation. In peanut
the cotyledons remain partially or completely buried in soil during seedling emergence
which imposes spatial constraints on normal development of the first pair of lateral branches. Traditional stem-base soil-cleaning techniques
such as the “digging and exposing the stem base” technique
could effectively promote lateral branch development and increase yield
but are labor-intensive and inefficient
making them unsuitable for modern simplified and large-scale cultivation. This paper systematically reviews the biological characteristics of peanut hypocotyl elongation and the research progress on its key regulatory factors (light and phytohormones)
summarizes the development process and technical characteristics of agronomic prac
tices including traditional soil-cleaning and soil-covering to elevate cotyledonary node. Furthermore
from the perspectives of developing germplasm with epigeous cotyledon emergence
varietal breeding
hormonal regulation
and delaying light exposure of apical bud
this paper proposes design strategies and implementation pathways for a cleaning-free cultivation technology in peanut
expecting to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the simplified
high-yielding and efficient cultivation of peanut.
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