1.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州,730070
2.甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州,730070
胡祖瑜(2001- ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事胡麻遗传改良,E-mail: 15623595872@163.com
张建平(1972- ),男,研究员,主要从事胡麻遗传改良,E-mail: zhangjpzw3@gsagr.ac.cn;
收稿:2025-12-01,
纸质出版:2026-08-25
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胡祖瑜,王利民,李闻娟等.基于光照及幼果提前采收的胡麻快速育种技术体系构建[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):215-225.
HU Zu-yu,WANG Li-min,LI Wen-juan,et al.Rapid breeding technology of flax based on light treatment and early harvest of immature capsules[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):215-225.
胡祖瑜,王利民,李闻娟等.基于光照及幼果提前采收的胡麻快速育种技术体系构建[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):215-225. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025260.
HU Zu-yu,WANG Li-min,LI Wen-juan,et al.Rapid breeding technology of flax based on light treatment and early harvest of immature capsules[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):215-225. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025260.
胡麻传统育种周期长、效率低,制约了新品种选育进程。为实现胡麻的快速育种,本研究以三个生育期差异显著的胡麻种质(陇亚13号、陇亚15号、hlinum)为材料,系统探究了不同光周期-光强组合对其关键生育期、农艺性状、产量构成及籽粒品质的影响,并评估了提前采收未成熟种子以缩短育种周期的潜力。结果表明,光周期与光强对各生育阶段均具有显著调控作用,其中T1处理(24 h光照,714 μmol·m
-2
·s
-1
)效果最为突出,可系统缩短出苗至成熟的全程历时,使早熟种质hlinum、中熟种质陇亚13号和晚熟种质陇亚15号的全生育期分别缩短至65 d、77 d和82.3 d,理论年繁殖代数可达4-6代。光处理显著影响农艺及产量性状,其中陇亚15号千粒重保持较高水平(5.43~7.33 g),T2处理下单株果数与每果粒数综合表现最佳,展现出维持理想株型的潜力。品质性状响应具种质特异性,较长暗周期与中低光强(T7)可使木酚素含量普遍提升至8.81%~13.24%。此外,授粉后12 d采收的种子发芽率可达50%,为“种到种”周期再缩短20 d以上提供了关键技术支撑。本研究构建的光周期-光强协同调控与幼果提前采收相结合的胡麻快速育种体系,缩短大田生育周期,进行快速加代,为实现胡麻高效育种与基础研究提供支撑。
Flax (
Linum usitatissimum
L.) is an important oilseed crop in China
but its traditional breeding process is time-consuming and inefficient
which limits the development of new cultivars. To achieve rapid generation advancement in flax
this study used 3 genotypes with distinct growth durations (Longya 13
Longya 15
and hlinum) to systematically investigate the effects of different photoperiod–light intensity combinations on key growth stages
agronomic traits
yield components
and seed quality. The potential of early harvest of immature seeds for shortening the breeding cycle was also evaluated.Results showed that both photoperiod and light intensity exerted significant regulatory effects on all growth stages. Among the treat
ments
T1 (24 h light
714 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹) was the most effective
substantially shortening the period from emergence to maturity. Under this condition
the total growth durations of the early-maturing Hlinum
the mid-maturing ‘Longya 13’
and the late-maturing ‘Longya 15’ were reduced to 65 d
77 d
and 82.3 d
respectively
allowing a theoretical annual generation turnover of 4-6 cycles. Light treatment significantly affects agronomic and yield traits. Among these
the thousand-kernel weight of Longya 15 remained at a relatively high level (5.43-7.33 g). Under the T2 treatment
the number of capsules per plant and the number of seeds per capsule showed the best comprehensive performance
demonstrating the potential for maintaining an ideal plant architecture. The response of quality traits was germplasm-specific. A longer dark period combined with low to medium light intensity (T7) generally increased the lignan content to 8.81%-13.24%.Moreover
seeds harvested 12 d after pollination exhibited a germination rate of approximately 50%
providing a key technical basis for further shortening the “seed-to-seed” cycle by more than 20 d. This study has established a rapid flax breeding system that integrates the synergistic regulation of photoperiod and light intensity with early harvesting of young fruits. This approach shortens the field growth cycle and enables accelerated generation advancement
thereby providing support for the efficient breeding and fundamental research of flax.
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