1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉,430070
2.桂林市农业科学研究中心,广西 桂林,541000
3.衡阳市农业科学院,湖南 衡阳,421000
4.吉安市农业科学研究所,江西 吉安,343000
谢尚典(2001- ),男,硕士研究生,主要从事施肥技术研究,E-mail: xieshangdian@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
鲁剑巍(1967- ),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事油菜营养分管理研究,E-mail: lujianwei@mail.hzau.edu.cn
收稿:2025-12-01,
纸质出版:2026-10-25
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谢尚典,明日,雷利琴等.短生育期油菜中油早1号干物质及养分积累特性[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):144-153.
XIE Shang-dian,MING Ri,LEI Li-qin,et al.Dry matter and nutrient accumulation characteristics of the short-growth-duration rapeseed cultivar Zhongyouzao 1[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):144-153.
谢尚典,明日,雷利琴等.短生育期油菜中油早1号干物质及养分积累特性[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):144-153. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025259.
XIE Shang-dian,MING Ri,LEI Li-qin,et al.Dry matter and nutrient accumulation characteristics of the short-growth-duration rapeseed cultivar Zhongyouzao 1[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):144-153. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025259.
为建立针对性的高效施肥技术体系、提升三熟制冬闲田油菜产能,在桂林、衡阳和吉安3个多熟制区开展田间试验,研究短生育期油菜品种中油早1号的干物质及氮、磷、钾、镁、硼养分积累特性,为稻-稻-油三熟制区扩种油菜提供科学施肥依据。中油早1号在3个试验点的生育期为171~182 d,产量为2125~2317 kg·hm
-2
。该品种干物质积累呈现“S”型曲线增长,在播种后60 d左右进入蕾薹期,随后开启持续约20 d的快速积累阶段,此阶段干物质积累量占总量的31.3%~40.7%,总干物质在角果期达最大值。植株氮、钾、镁、硼的积累规律与干物质的变化相一致,氮、钾积累峰值出现在终花期至角果初期,幼苗末期至蕾薹中期是快速积累期(均持续约22 d),期间积累量分别占总量的24.0%~32.0%和16.9%~28.0%;磷积累在整个生育期持续上升,快增期出现在蕾薹末期至初花期(持续约25 d),期间累积了总量的15.2%~25.8%;镁、硼积累峰值出现在角果期,快速积累期出现在蕾薹期,分别持续约26 d和23 d,期间积累量分别占总量的24.0%~29.3%和32.2%~34.7%。不同养分在成熟期各器官的分配特征为,氮、磷、硼优先积累在籽粒中,钾主要储存于茎秆中,镁则主要在茎秆和籽粒间均匀分配。在产量水平为2250 kg·hm
-2
时,中油早1号每生产100 kg籽粒平均需要N 10.62 kg、P
2
O
5
2.59 kg、K
2
O 16.53 kg、Mg 1.19kg、B 0.024 kg,需求比例为1∶0.24∶1.56∶0.11∶0.0023。综上,中油早1号在桂林、衡阳和吉安均能获得丰产,且生长中无明显越冬停滞期,其每生产100 kg籽粒所需的氮、磷、钾、硼等养分比一般冬油菜高,而区域土壤的养分缺乏程度更严重,因此更需注重增加养分投入量,并适当将肥料重点分配在生育前期。
To establish a targeted and efficient fertilization technology system and improve rapeseed yield in winter fallow fields under triple cropping system
field experiments were conducted at 3 triple-cropping sites (Guilin
Guangxi; Hengyang
Hunan; and Ji'an
Jiangxi) to quantify dry matter and nutrient (N
P
K
Mg and B) accumulation dynamics of the early-maturing rapeseed cultivar Zhongyouzao 1
and to provide fertilization guidance for expanding rapeseed cultivation within rice-rice-rapeseed cropping system. Across sites
the growth duration of Zhongyouzao 1 ranged from 171 d to 182 d and seed yield ranged from 2125 to 2317 kg·hm
-2
. Whole-plant dry matter accumulation followed an S-shaped curve pattern: plants entered the stem elongation stage at approximately 60 d after sowing
and thereafter experienced a rapid dry matter accumulation phase lasting approximately 20 d. This rapid phase contributed 31.3%-40.7% of total dry
matter. Total dry matter reached its maximum at the pod filling stage. Accumulation patterns of N
K
Mg
and B were consistent with dry matter dynamics. N and K exhibited similar accumulation patterns
peaking at the end of early pod filling stage. Their rapid accumulation phase extended from the late seedling stage to the mid stem elongation stage (about 22 d)
contributing 24.0%~32.0% and 16.9%~28.0% of total uptake
respectively. P accumulation increased continuously throughout the entire growth period
with its rapid accumulation phase occurring from the late stem elongation stage to the early flowering stage (approximately 25 d)
contributing 15.2%-25.8% of total P. Mg and B accumulated rapidly during stem elongation (approximately 26 d and 23 d
respectively)
contributing 24.0%-29.3% and 32.2%-34.7% of their total accumulation
respectively. At physiological maturity
nutrient partitioning among organs displayed distinct characteristics: N
P
and B were preferentially concentrated in seeds; K was primarily retained in stems
while Mg showed relatively equitable distribution between stems and seeds. For a target yield level of 2250 kg·hm
-
²
production of 100 kg seed required 10.62 kg N
2.59 kg P
2
O
5
16.53 kg K
2
O
1.19 kg Mg
and 0.024 kg B
corresponding to a nutrient ratio of 1: 0.24: 1.56: 0.11: 0.0023. Overall
Zhongyouzao 1 attained high and stable yields at all 3 sites without a pronounced winter stagnation period. Nutrient requirements (N
P
K
B) per 100 kg of seeds were higher than typical winter rapeseed varieties. Given the more severe nutrient deficiencies in the regional soil
enhancing nutrient input is essential
with fertilizer allocation strategically during early growth stages.
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