人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用

程刚; 吴勇飞; 曹德胜; 吴亚熹

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250115

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人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用

地学大数据与人工智能 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用
- 人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用
- 地质科技通报 2025年44卷第5期页码：302-316
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 华北科技学院计算机科学与工程学院
  2. 华北科技学院河北省物联网监控技术创新中心
  3. 南京大学地球科学与工程学院
  4. 华北科技学院矿山安全学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42377200);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(226Z5404G);2025年河北省在读研究生创新能力培养资助项目(CXZZSS2025139)
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250115
  中图分类号： TP18;P642.22
- 网络首发：2025-06-24，
  
  纸质出版：2025-06-24
- 稿件说明：
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程刚, 吴勇飞, 曹德胜, 等. 人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(5):302-316.

程刚, 吴勇飞, 曹德胜, et al. 人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 302-316.
程刚, 吴勇飞, 曹德胜, 等. 人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(5):302-316. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250115.

程刚, 吴勇飞, 曹德胜, et al. 人工智能算法在滑坡监测与预测技术中的研究与应用[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 302-316. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250115.

摘要

为减轻滑坡灾害风险，进一步保障区域可持续发展，开展有效的滑坡监测与预测研究具有重要的现实意义。通过研究滑坡监测与预测中的关键技术与方法，分析各类算法在滑坡监测与预测场景中的效率和精度，不断提升滑坡灾害防治水平。在特征提取技术方面，对比分析了尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）、加速鲁棒特征（SURF）和自适应尺度不变特征变换（ASIFT）3种基于图像特征匹配算法的性能，其中ASIFT在匹配数量、精确率和召回率方面具有显著优势，尤其适用于准确性要求较高的复杂环境场景；在光流分析技术方面，探讨了基于Lucas-Kanade稀疏光流法和Horn-Schunck稠密光流法的应用效果，其中Lucas-Kanade稀疏光流法计算效率高，适合实时应用场景，但存在遗漏重要运动信息风险，Horn-Schunck稠密光流法能够提供全面的光流场信息，适用于环境复杂场景，但存在计算复杂度较高的不足，因而难以用于实时处理；在滑坡易发性预测方面，详细介绍了支持向量机（SVM）、决策树（DT）和随机森林（RF）等经典机器学习方法在滑坡预测中的应用优缺点，并重点研究了基于粒子群优化支持向量机（PSO-SVM）的模型性能，该模型通过优化超参数，显著提高了模型的分类准确度、泛化能力和预测精度。此外，通过引入Faster R-CNN模型，利用其先进的卷积神经网络架构，实现了复杂场景下滑坡事件的自动识别与分类，进一步提升了滑坡监测预警的效率和准确率。研究表明，ASIFT局部特征提取的精确率为0.84

Lucas-Kanade稀疏光流法的跟踪误差为0.12

PSO-SVM模型的均方根误差为0.52

Faster R-CNN模型在滑坡图像自动识别与分类方面的置信度可达0.98，综合性能较其他算法显著提升。综上所述，通过引入人工智能算法，结合多学科技术手段，全方面提升了滑坡监测与预测技术的效率和精度，研究成果为滑坡地质灾害防治提供了更有力的技术保障。

Abstract

ObjectiveTo reduce the risk of landslide disasters and further ensure regional sustainable development

conducting research effectively on landslide monitoring and prediction is of great practical significance. This paper aims to continuously improve the prevention and control level of landslide disasters by studying the key technologies and methods in landslide monitoring and prediction

and will analyze the efficiency and accuracy of various algorithms in scenarios of landslide monitoring and prediction. MethodsIn terms of feature extraction technology

the performance of three image feature matching algorithms

namely scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT)

speeded up robust features (SURF) and assessment of scale-invariant features transform (ASIFT)

were compared and analyzed. Comparative results demonstrate that ASIFT has significant advantages in the number of matches

precision rate and recall rate

and is especially suitable for complex environmental scenarios with high-accuracy requirements. In terms of optical flow analysis technology

the application effects based on the Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow method and the Horn-Schunck dense optical flow method were discussed. Among them

the Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow method has high computational efficiency and is suitable for real-time application scenarios

but there is a risk of missing important motion information. The Horn-Schunck dense optical flow method can provide comprehensive optical flow field information and is suitable for complex environmental scenarios. However

it has the drawback of high computational complexity and thus is difficult to be used in real-time processing. In terms of landslide susceptibility prediction

the advantages and disadvantages of the application of classic machine learning methods such as support vector machine (SVM)

decision tree (DT)

and random forest (RF) in landslide prediction are introduced in detail. The model performance based on particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (PSO-SVM) is mainly studied. This model optimizes hyperparameters

the classification accuracy

generalization ability and prediction accuracy of the model have been significantly improved. Furthermore

by introducing the Faster R-CNN model and leveraging its advanced convolutional neural network architecture

this paper realizes the automatic identification and classification of landslide events in complex scenarios

further enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of landslide monitoring and early warning. ResultsThe research shows that the accuracy rate of local feature extraction by ASIFT is 0.84

the tracking error of the Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow method is 0.12

the root mean square error of the PSO-SVM model is 0.52

and the confidence level of the Faster R-CNN model in the automatic recognition and classification of landslide images can reach 0.98. The comprehensive performance is significantly improved compared with other algorithms in this paper. ConclusionIn summary

by introducing artificial intelligence algorithms and integrating multi-disciplinary technical means

this paper has comprehensively enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of landslide monitoring and prediction technology. The research results provide more powerful technical support for the prevention and control of landslide geological disasters.

关键词

Keywords

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