我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述

杨嘉钰; 刘涛; 卢楚谦; 包锐; 余威; 彭晓鹃

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240516

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我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述

环境地质与工程 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述
- 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述
- 地质科技通报 2025年44卷第5期页码：257-271
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 自然资源部南海生态中心
  2. 中海石油(中国)有限公司研究总院
  3. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2022B1515130001）;自然资源部南海局科技发展基金项目（23YD02）
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240516
  中图分类号： X834;X145
- 网络首发：2025-09-15，
  
  纸质出版：2025-09-15
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨嘉钰, 刘涛, 卢楚谦, 等. 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(5):257-271.

杨嘉钰, 刘涛, 卢楚谦, et al. 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 257-271.
杨嘉钰, 刘涛, 卢楚谦, 等. 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(5):257-271. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240516.

杨嘉钰, 刘涛, 卢楚谦, et al. 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 257-271. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240516.

摘要

海洋生态观测是海洋探索、生态保护修复、灾害预警预报、防灾减灾的重要手段和途径。21世纪以来，为进一步开展海洋生态观测，应对在人类活动和全球气候变化影响下各类生态灾害预警、典型生态系统面临退化等威胁，海洋生态观测技术已逐步迈入自动化、智能化、实时反映动态结果的时代，对生态文明建设下海洋生态观测系统研究提出了更高的要求。讨论了国际近岸海域、深海、海底海洋生态观测系统发展和研究现状，对现有观测系统进行了总结，分析了我国改革开发以来海洋生态观测系统技术的发展趋势、海洋生态观测系统发展的必要性，以及目前我国以近岸生态浮标为主的生态观测系统在我国沿海省市发展现状，并对此类观测系统在应对脆弱典型生态系统、新型生态灾害等预警研究中存在的局限性。提出我国生态观测应由简单的生态浮标向立体观测网发展，并且针对不同的典型生态系统建立有针对性的“岸–海–空–天”立体观测网络。

Abstract

Objective and SignificanceMarine ecological observation has become one of the essential approaches to supporting ocean exploration

ecological protection and restoration

disaster prevention and reduction

and early warning of ecological hazards. With the intensification of human activities and the accelerating impacts of global climate change

typical marine ecosystems are increasingly facing severe degradation and fragility. These threats include frequent red tides

eutrophication

and biodiversity loss in coastal waters

all of which impose significant economic and ecological costs. Against this backdrop

there is an urgent demand to establish advanced real-time

automated

and intelligent ecological observing systems. Such systems are expected to capture dynamic variations of marine environmental parameters and provide a scientific basis for sustainable marine management and the construction of ecological civilization. Analysis

Discussion and ProgressThis paper provides an overview of international progress in marine ecological observation technologies

focusing on nearshore

deep-sea

and seafloor monitoring systems. Developed marine countries have built integrated observation networks composed of buoys

coastal stations

underwater platforms

and satellite remote sensing

which together achieve long-term

continuous

and real-time monitoring of multiple environmental and ecological parameters. Typical examples include the United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)

the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)

Canada's NEPTUNE seafloor network

and Europe's EMSO project. These networks have demonstrated the capability to monitor not only hydrological and meteorological variables but also ecological indicators critical for predicting and preventing ecological disasters. By comparison

China's ocean ecological observation systems started relatively late and have mainly relied on coastal eco-buoys since the reform and opening-up period. Although more than 100 buoy-based monitoring stations have been deployed across major coastal provinces

these systems are still limited in scope

parameter diversity

and integration capacity. Current observation remains dominated by localized

single-point monitoring

with insufficient network connectivity and poor spatial resolution. Moreover

the existing systems are constrained by limited endurance

high maintenance costs

and weak data-sharing mechanisms

making it difficult to fully meet the requirements of ecological disaster early warning and ecosystem protection in the new era. Conclusions and ProspectsTo overcome these limitations

this paper proposes that China's ecological observation should shift from simple buoy-based approaches toward the construction of collaborative

stereoscopic observation networks. Such networks should integrate multiple platforms: Shore-based towers

eco-buoys

underwater cabled observatories

shipborne systems

unmanned aerial vehicles

and satellite remote sensing: Forming a comprehensive "shore-sea-air-space" observation framework. With enhanced accuracy

extended parameters

and improved spatial and temporal coverage

these networks would enable dynamic

multi-dimensional monitoring of marine ecological processes. The establishment of such integrated networks is expected to play a crucial role in early warning of ecological disasters such as harmful algal blooms

coral bleaching

and ecosystem degradation. Furthermore

the accumulation of long-term

continuous datasets will provide essential support for assessing ecosystem health

guiding ecological restoration projects

and improving the resilience of coastal socio-economic systems. On a broader scale

advancing China's marine ecological observation capacity will also contribute to international collaboration in global ocean observing

strengthen data-sharing

and enhance China's role in addressing global marine environmental challenges. In summary

the paper highlights both the progress and the limitations of China's current ecological observation efforts and argues for a transformation toward advanced

stereoscopic

and multi-platform ecological observing systems. This transition is vital for improving marine ecological protection

supporting disaster prevention and mitigation

and achieving the long-term goal of sustainable ocean development under ecological civilization.

关键词

Keywords

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