玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化

马文静; 王文科; 侯昕悦; 季德帅; 马稚桐

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240360

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玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化

地下水科学与工程 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化
- 玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化
- 地质科技通报 2025年44卷第2期页码：378-388
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 长安大学水利与环境学院
  2. 长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室
  3. 长安大学水利部旱区生态水文与水安全重点实验室
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金青年项目（42202275）
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240360
  中图分类号： P641.3
- 网络首发：2025-03-21，
  
  纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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马文静, 王文科, 侯昕悦, 等. 玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(2):378-388.

马文静, 王文科, 侯昕悦, et al. 玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(2): 378-388.
马文静, 王文科, 侯昕悦, 等. 玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(2):378-388. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240360.

马文静, 王文科, 侯昕悦, et al. 玛纳斯河流域河水-地下水转化驱动下的水文地球化学空间演化[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(2): 378-388. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240360.

摘要

河水-地下水的相互转换影响着水化学的成分组成及演化规律

进而影响着水生态环境

因此了解其水化学成分的来源及演化机制具有重要意义。以中国典型干旱区玛纳斯河流域为研究区

运用水化学图解、离子比例系数分析和反向水文地球化学演化等方法

对该流域不同地貌的河水-地下水水化学特征、主要离子组分来源和演化规律开展了研究。结果表明

随地貌和河水-地下水转化关系的变化

河水和地下水水化学类型主要从HCO

·SO

-Ca型逐渐演化为Cl-Na型

水化学变化的自然驱动因素由水岩作用变为蒸发浓缩;在脱节段

水体水化学类型主要为HCO

·SO

-Ca型

主要受到溶滤作用;在河水—地下水交换段上游

主要为SO

·Cl-Na型

主要发生溶滤和混合作用;交互段下游水化学类型主要为Cl-Na型

主要受蒸发作用影响;反向演化结果进一步定量分析了研究区水岩作用的影响

沿地下水流方向

发生了钠长石和钙长石的沉淀

白云石、石膏、Ca-蒙脱石和岩盐的溶解

以及Na-Mg、Ca-Mg的正向阳离子交换。研究结果可为干旱半干旱地区的水环境保护和可持续管理提供科学依据。

Abstract

ObjectiveThe mutual conversion between river water and groundwater plays a crucial role in influencing the composition and evolution of hydrochemical components

and thus

has a significant impact on the water ecological environment. Hence

it is critical to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and evolution mechanisms of its hydrochemical components. The complex interactions between river water and groundwater can lead to alterations in the chemical constituents

which may have far-reaching consequences for the overall health and stability of the aquatic ecosystem. MethodsThis work focused on the Manas River Basin

which is located in a typical arid area of China

as the research area. A series of advanced methods were involved in this work

including hydrochemical diagrams (provide a visual representation of the chemical characteristics); ion ratio coefficient analysis (helps in determining the relative proportions of different ions); and inverse hydrogeochemical evolution (allows for a detailed exploration of the historical changes in the water chemistry). Through these methods

an in-depth study is carried out on the hydrochemical characteristics of river water and groundwater in different landforms within the basin

as well as the sources of major ion components and the evolution laws. ResultsThese results obtained from the research are highly revealing. It is found that with the changes in landforms and the conversion relationship between river water and groundwater

the hydrochemical types of river water and groundwater experience a progressive evolution. Initially

they are mainly of the HCO3·SO4-Ca type

but gradually transform into the Cl-Na type. The natural driving factor responsible for these hydrochemical changes also shifts. In the disconnected segment

the hydrochemical type of water bodies is predominantly HCO3·SO4-Ca

and the main influencing factor is diafiltration. In the upper reaches of the river-groundwater exchange section

it is mainly SO4·Cl-Na type water

where leaching and mixing are the dominant processes. In the lower reaches of the interaction section

the hydrochemical type is mainly Cl-Na

which is dominantly affected by evaporation. The results of inverse evolution further quantitatively analyze the influence of water-rock interaction in the research area. Along the direction of groundwater flow

specific chemical reactions occur. For example

the precipitation of albite and anorthite takes place

while the dissolution of dolomite

gypsum

Ca-montmorillonite and rock salt is observed. Additionally

positive cation exchanges of Na-Mg and Ca-Mg are also detected. ConclusionThe results of the study can provide a scientific basis for water environment protection and sustainable management in arid and semi-arid regions.

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