高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究

李杰彪; 周志超; 郭永海; 吉子健; 梁修雨

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240194

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高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究

地下水科学与工程 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究
- 高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究
- 地质科技通报 2025年44卷第4期页码：340-353
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 核工业北京地质研究院国家原子能机构高放废物地质处置创新中心
  2. 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院
  3. 南方科技大学环境科学与工程学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  中核集团基础研究项目（中核科发[2022]439号）;核设施退役及放射性废物治理专项项目（科工二司[2022]736号）;国家自然科学基金项目（42172275）
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240194
  中图分类号： X771;P641.12
- 网络首发：2024-08-07，
  
  纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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李杰彪, 周志超, 郭永海, 等. 高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(4):340-353.

李杰彪, 周志超, 郭永海, et al. 高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(4): 340-353.
李杰彪, 周志超, 郭永海, 等. 高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究[J]. 地质科技通报, 2025,44(4):340-353. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240194.

李杰彪, 周志超, 郭永海, et al. 高放废物处置北山预选区地下水化学形成机制模拟研究[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(4): 340-353. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240194.

摘要

研究地下水化学特性对于高放废物处置库选址和长期性能安全评价是十分必要的。采用水文地球化学综合分析和模拟方法，探讨了我国高放废物处置库预选区甘肃北山地区基岩裂隙水的基本化学特征、水平分带性以及不同水文地质区水化学形成机制。结果表明：区内地下水化学类型主要为Cl·SO

-Na型和SO

·Cl-Na型，pH值多在7.5～8.3之间。基岩裂隙水对岩盐、石膏、萤石、绿泥石以及长石类等矿物多处于未饱和状态，而对黏土类矿物则多处于过饱和状态。从补给区到排泄区，基岩裂隙水化学分布表现出较为明显的水平分带性。马鬃山一带是区域地下水主要补给区，地下水矿化度低，水化学组分形成主要受溶滤作用控制；沉积盆地是地下水主要排泄区，地下水矿化度高，水化学组分形成主要受蒸发作用控制；在径流区，地下水化学形成主要受岩盐、石膏等矿物的溶解控制，而碳酸盐类和硅酸盐类矿物的溶解或沉淀作用微弱。该区基岩裂隙水化学形成主要受蒸发浓缩作用及水-岩相互作用的影响和控制，该结果为高放废物处置库选址提供了地下水化学基础信息和数据。

Abstract

ObjectiveHydrogeochemical characteristics play a pivotal role in site selection and long-term safety assessment for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal repositories. MethodsThis study employs integrated hydrogeochemical analysis and modeling to investigate the basic hydrogeochemical characteristics

horizontal zoning

and formation mechanisms in different hydrogeological zones of the Beishan preselected site for HLW disposal in Gansu Province

China. ResultsThe results show that the predominant hydrogeochemical types were Cl·SO4-Na and SO4·Cl-Na

Province with pH values generally ranging from 7.5 to 8.3. Fractured bedrock groundwater is typically undersaturated with respect to halite

gypsum

fluorite

glauconite

and feldspar

and oversaturated with respect to clay minerals. A distinct horizontal zonation is observed in the hydrogeochemical composition from the recharge area to the discharge area. The Mazongshan region serves as the primary recharge zone

characterized by low mineralization

where hydrogeochemical composition is mainly controlled by leaching processes. The sedimentary basins act as the main discharge areas with high mineralization

where evaporation processes dominate. The water-rock interaction processes along the flow path are primarily driven by the dissolution of halite and gypsum

while the effect of carbonate and silicate dissolution or precipitation remains relatively weak. ConclusionOverall

the hydrogeochemical formation of fractured bedrock groundwater in the Beishan area is predominantly governed by evaporation and water-rock interaction processes. This study provides fundamental hydrogeochemical data and insights to support the site selection of the HLW disposal repository.

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