1.海军潜艇学院,山东 青岛,266199
2.海军工程大学,湖北 武汉,433033
宗敬文,讲师,主要从事物理大地测量和水下导航相关理论与方法研究。 E-mail:zjw19950613@163.com
郭正东,博士,教授,现主要从事水下导航相关理论与方法研究。 E-mail: 944636507@qq.com
修回:2026-08-28,
纸质出版:2026-10-05
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宗敬文,郭正东,边少锋,等.正常重力等位面形状差异及其对重力匹配导航误差传播的影响[J].测绘地理信息,2026,51(5):115-122
ZONG Jingwen,GUO Zhengdong,BIAN Shaofeng,et al.Shape Differences of Normal Gravity Equipotential Surfaces and Their Influence on Error Propagation in Gravity Matching Navigation[J].Journal of Geomatics,2026,51(5):115-122
宗敬文,郭正东,边少锋,等.正常重力等位面形状差异及其对重力匹配导航误差传播的影响[J].测绘地理信息,2026,51(5):115-122 DOI: 10.14188/j.2095-6045.20260372.
ZONG Jingwen,GUO Zhengdong,BIAN Shaofeng,et al.Shape Differences of Normal Gravity Equipotential Surfaces and Their Influence on Error Propagation in Gravity Matching Navigation[J].Journal of Geomatics,2026,51(5):115-122 DOI: 10.14188/j.2095-6045.20260372.
针对正常重力场中不同等位面模型间几何联系、形状差异及其物理误差传播机制,对正常重力位函数展开了系统性推导与数值分析。首先,建立了水准椭球面向径方程和扁球体水准面位函数方程;其次,采用幂级数展开法推导了 Bruns 扁球和 Helmert 扁球水准面方程,并以牛顿迭代法作为数值基准检验有限项展开结果的精度;最后,基于正常重力垂直梯度建立等位面几何偏差向重力异常误差及匹配导航定位误差传播的定量评估模型。计算结果表明,Bruns 扁球与标准水准椭球面之间可存在十米量级系统偏差,其诱发的重力异常误差可达数 mGal 量级;Helmert 扁球与水准椭球面之间的差异主要处于厘米量级,对应重力异常误差约为 0.02~0.03 mGal。研究结果说明,等位面模型选择会直接影响高精度重力异常归算和重力匹配导航结果,Helmert 扁球或与水准椭球严格一致的正常重力场模型更适合作为海洋重力基准图构建的参考模型。
Normal gravity field models form the foundation of physical geodesy and marine gravity field construction. Focusing on the geometric relationships, shape differences and physical error propagation mechanisms among different equipotential surface models in the normal gravity field, this paper conducts a systematic derivation and numerical analysis of the normal gravity potential function. First, the radial equation of the level ellipsoid and the potential function equation for the level surface of an oblate spheroid are established. Second, the level surface equations for the Bruns spheroid and Helmert spheroid are derived using the power series expansion method, and the Newton iteration method is adopted as the numerical benchmark to verify the accuracy of finite-term expansion results. Finally, based on the vertical gradient of normal gravity, a quantitative evaluation model is constructed to describe how geometric deviations of equipotential surfaces propagate into gravity anomaly errors and positioning errors in gravity matching navigation.Calculation results show that a systematic deviation on the order of ten meters exists between the Bruns spheroid and the standard level ellipsoid, and the induced gravity anomaly error can reach the order of several mGal. The difference between the Helmert spheroid and the level ellipsoid is mainly on the centimeter scale, with a corresponding gravity anomaly error of approximately 0.02~0.03 mGal. The research findings indicate that the selection of equipotential surface models directly affects the performance of high-precision gravity anomaly reduction and the results of gravity matching navigation. The Helmert spheroid, or the normal gravity field model which strictly coincides with the level ellipsoid, is more suitable as reference models for the construction of marine gravity reference maps.
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