武汉市武昌区不同年龄段孕产妇出生缺陷谱系特征及分龄防控策略

李莹; 郑艳玲; 卢媛; 张燕; 张琳

doi:10.14188/j.1671-8852.2026.0234

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武汉市武昌区不同年龄段孕产妇出生缺陷谱系特征及分龄防控策略

临床医学研究 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 武汉市武昌区不同年龄段孕产妇出生缺陷谱系特征及分龄防控策略
- Spectrum characteristics of birth defects and age‑stratified prevention and control strategies among pregnant women of different age groups in Wuchang District, Wuhan city, China
- 武汉大学学报（医学版） 2026年47卷第10期页码：1399-1404
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉市武昌区妇幼保健院保健部湖北武汉 430060
  1.武汉大学人民医院，心内科，湖北武汉 430060
  2.武汉大学人民医院，手术室，湖北武汉 430060
- 作者简介：
  
  李莹，女，1983—，主治医师，主要从事公共卫生妇幼保健服务研究，E⁃mail: 739406911@qq.com。
  张燕，E⁃mail: 18986068589@163.com
  张琳，E‑mail: zhanglin20130720@163.com。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.14188/j.1671-8852.2026.0234
  中图分类号： R714.52
- 收稿：2026-02-05，
  
  纸质出版：2026-10-25
- 稿件说明：
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李莹,郑艳玲,卢媛等.武汉市武昌区不同年龄段孕产妇出生缺陷谱系特征及分龄防控策略[J].武汉大学学报（医学版）,2026,47(10):1399-1404.

LI Ying,ZHENG Yanling,LU Yuan,et al.Spectrum characteristics of birth defects and age‑stratified prevention and control strategies among pregnant women of different age groups in Wuchang District, Wuhan city, China[J].Medical Journal of Wuhan University,2026,47(10):1399-1404.
李莹,郑艳玲,卢媛等.武汉市武昌区不同年龄段孕产妇出生缺陷谱系特征及分龄防控策略[J].武汉大学学报（医学版）,2026,47(10):1399-1404. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8852.2026.0234.

LI Ying,ZHENG Yanling,LU Yuan,et al.Spectrum characteristics of birth defects and age‑stratified prevention and control strategies among pregnant women of different age groups in Wuchang District, Wuhan city, China[J].Medical Journal of Wuhan University,2026,47(10):1399-1404. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8852.2026.0234.

摘要

目的

分析不同孕产妇年龄组出生缺陷的谱系特征差异，为分年龄层精准防控提供实证依据。

方法

选取2022年1月至2025年9月武汉市武昌区两家国家级出生缺陷监测点的27 644例胎儿/围产儿及同期确诊的787例出生缺陷病例为研究对象，将孕产妇年龄分为<25岁、25~29岁、30~34岁、≥35岁四组，采用描述性统计、卡方检验及Bonferroni校正进行分析。

结果

出生缺陷总体发生率为28.47‰，≥35岁组发生率最高（33.70‰），

25岁组最低（21.22‰），组间差异有统计学意义（

²=9.84，

0.05）。校正后仅30~34岁组与≥35岁组差异显著（

²=7.75，

=0.005 3）。不同年龄组出生缺陷类型呈描述性年龄特异性分布，整体构成比差异有统计学意义（

²=32.35，

0.01），但校正后组间差异无统计学意义。6类缺陷中仅染色体异常的年龄别发生率差异显著（

²=21.50，

0.001），4类临床高关注度缺陷中，仅染色体异常产前检出率存在年龄差异（

²=21.46，

0.001），均为≥35岁组显著高于25~29岁、30~34岁组。染色体亚型中仅数目异常的年龄差异显著（

²=38.42，

0.000 1），染色体结构异常与微结构异常差异无统计学意义（

=0.835、0.975）。

结论

孕产妇年龄与出生缺陷风险相关，染色体数目异常是高龄组核心风险因素；不同年龄组缺陷类型呈特异性分布，可为分龄精准防控提供实证依据。

Abstract

Objective

To analyze the differences in the spectrum characteristics of birth defects among pregnant women of different age groups

and to provide empirical evidence for age‑stratified precise prevention and control.

Methods

A total of 27 644 fetuses/perinatal infants and 787 confirmed cases of birth defects from January 2022 to September 2025 in two national birth defect surveillance sites in Wuchang District of Wuhan City were selected as the research objects. The pregnant women were divided into four age groups: <25 years old

25‑29 years old

30‑34 years old and ≥35 years old. Descriptive statistics

chi‑square test and pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The overall incidence of birth defects was 28.47‰

with the highest incidence in the ≥35 years old group (33.70‰) and the lowest in the

25 years old group (21.22‰)

showing a statistically significant difference among groups (

²=9.84

0.05). After correction

only the difference between the 30‑34 years old group and the ≥35 years old group was significant (

²=7.75

=0.005 3). The types of birth defects in different age groups showed descriptive age‑specific distribution

with a statistically significant difference in the overall composition ratio among groups (

²=32.35

0.01)

but no significant difference was found among groups after correction. Among the 6 types of birth defects

only chromosomal abnormalities had a significant difference in age‑specific incidence (

²=21.50

0.001). Among the 4 types of clinically high‑concern birth defects

only chromosomal abnormalities had an age difference in prenatal detection rate (

²=21.46

0.001)

with the indexes in the ≥35 years old group significantly higher than those in the 25‑29 years old group and 30‑34 years old group. Among the subtypes of chromosomal abnormalities

only numerical abnormalities had a significant age difference (

²=38.42

0.000 1)

while no statistically significant differences were found in structural and microstructural chromosomal abnormalities (

=0.835

0.975).

Conclusion

Maternal age is associated with the risk of birth defects

and chromosomal numerical abnormalities are the core risk factor for the advanced‑age group. The types of birth defects show specific distribution in different age groups

which can provide empirical evidence for age‑stratified precise prevention and control.

关键词

Keywords

references

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