中国中老年人群婚姻状况与衰弱进展的关系

吕放; 王紫薇; 李行; 秦娟娟; 叶旭军

doi:10.14188/j.1671-8852.2024.0079

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中国中老年人群婚姻状况与衰弱进展的关系

临床医学研究 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 中国中老年人群婚姻状况与衰弱进展的关系
- Association between marital status and the progression of frailty among middle‑aged and older adults in China
- 武汉大学学报（医学版） 2025年46卷第6期页码：793-798
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉大学中南医院老年医学科湖北武汉 430071
  2.武汉大学护理学院老龄化研究中心湖北武汉 430071
- 作者简介：
  
  吕放，男，1997—，医学硕士，主要从事中老年人群衰弱状况的研究，E‑mail: 2021283030121@whu.edu.cn
  叶旭军，男，1971—，副教授,主任医师，主要从事老年医学、老年慢性病学相关研究，E‑mail: wdxjy@whu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  2023年度科技智库青年人才计划资助项目(20230504ZZ07240088)
- DOI：10.14188/j.1671-8852.2024.0079
  中图分类号： R1
- 收稿：2024-01-20，
  
  纸质出版：2025-06-25
- 稿件说明：
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吕放,王紫薇,李行等.中国中老年人群婚姻状况与衰弱进展的关系[J].武汉大学学报（医学版）,2025,46(06):793-798.

LÜ Fang,WANG Ziwei,LI Hang,et al.Association between marital status and the progression of frailty among middle‑aged and older adults in China[J].Medical Journal of Wuhan University,2025,46(06):793-798.
吕放,王紫薇,李行等.中国中老年人群婚姻状况与衰弱进展的关系[J].武汉大学学报（医学版）,2025,46(06):793-798. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8852.2024.0079.

LÜ Fang,WANG Ziwei,LI Hang,et al.Association between marital status and the progression of frailty among middle‑aged and older adults in China[J].Medical Journal of Wuhan University,2025,46(06):793-798. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8852.2024.0079.

摘要

目的

探索中国中老年人群婚姻状况与衰弱进展之间的关系，同时探讨其性别间的差异。

方法

该研究纳入2011年来自中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）的8 490名45岁及以上的参与者。研究使用衰弱指数（FI）评估衰弱的进展情况。使用CHARLS中的婚姻状况问卷将参与者分为观察组（无伴侣共同生活：分居、离异、丧偶及未婚）和对照组（有伴侣共同生活：已婚或暂时分居）。使用Cox比例风险回归模型分析婚姻状况和衰弱进展之间的关系。随访结局为衰弱、全因死亡。

结果

总体人群分析显示，观察组发生衰弱的风险显著高于对照组(

:1.21；95%

:1.00~1.48)。根据性别进行亚组分析后发现，在男性中，观察组的死亡风险显著高于对照组(

:1.31；

95%

:1.01~1.71)。而在女性中，观察组发生衰弱的风险显著高于对照组(

:1.31；95%

:1.02~1.67)。

结论

婚姻状况是影响中老年人群衰弱进展和死亡的重要因素。在女性中，婚姻状况与衰弱的关联更强；而在男性中则主要影响人群的死亡率。研究结果提示在评估衰弱风险及进展时需要更多的关注寡居老人。

Abstract

Objective

To explore the relationship between marital status and frailty progression and its gender differences among middle‑aged and elderly individuals in China.

Methods

The study included participants aged 45 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2011. To evaluate the progression of frailty

the researchers employed a frailty index (FI)

which was developed based on the accumulation of health‑related deficits. Participants were grouped based on their marital status using the marriage status questionnaire in CHARLS: Observation group (living without a partner: separated

divorced

widowed

or never married) and control group (living with a partner: married or temporarily separated). The relationship between marital status and frailty progression was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Follow‑up outcomes included frailty and all‑cause mortality.

Results

The hazard risk of developing frailty was significantly higher in the observation group as compared with that in the control group (

: 1.21; 95%

: 1.00‑1.48). This suggests that individuals in the observation group were more prone to frailty than those in the control group. However

when examining gender‑specific results

distinct differences emerged. Among males

the hazard risk of mortality was significantly higher in the observation group as compared with that in the control group (

: 1.31; 95%

: 1.01‑1.71). In females

the hazard risk of frailty was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (

: 1.31; 95%

: 1.02‑1.67).

Conclusion

Marital status is a significant factor influencing frailty progression and mortality in middle‑aged and elderly populations. In females

the association between marital status and frailty is stronger

while in males

marital status primarily impacts the overall mortality rate. The research findings suggest that more attention should be given to widowed elderly individuals when assessing frailty risk and progression in populations.

关键词

Keywords

references

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