抽水蓄能电站工程区渗流场全过程演变规律研究

彭湃; 陈益峰; 任旺; 周佳庆; 胡冉; 杨志兵

doi:10.14188/j.1671-8844.2026.0080

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抽水蓄能电站工程区渗流场全过程演变规律研究

更新时间：2026-10-15

- 抽水蓄能电站工程区渗流场全过程演变规律研究
- Whole-process evaluation of seepage field at the site of a pumped storage power station
- 武汉大学学报（工学版） 2026年页码：1-16
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
  2.武汉大学水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
- 作者简介：
  
  彭湃，男，2001年生，硕士研究生，主要从事岩体渗流分析与控制方面的研究工作。E-mail: pengpai@whu.edu.cn
  陈益峰，男，1974年生，博士、教授，博士生导师，主要从事水工渗流与多场耦合方面的研究工作。E-mail: csyfchen@whu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(U2340228;52494972)
- DOI：10.14188/j.1671-8844.2026.0080
  中图分类号：
- 网络首发：2026-10-15，
- 稿件说明：
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彭湃, 陈益峰, 任旺, 等. 抽水蓄能电站工程区渗流场全过程演变规律研究[J/OL]. 武汉大学学报（工学版）, 2026,1-16.

PENG Pai, CHEN Yi-feng, REN Wang, et al. Whole-process evaluation of seepage field at the site of a pumped storage power station[J/OL]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2026, 1-16.
彭湃, 陈益峰, 任旺, 等. 抽水蓄能电站工程区渗流场全过程演变规律研究[J/OL]. 武汉大学学报（工学版）, 2026,1-16. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8844.2026.0080.

PENG Pai, CHEN Yi-feng, REN Wang, et al. Whole-process evaluation of seepage field at the site of a pumped storage power station[J/OL]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2026, 1-16. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8844.2026.0080.

摘要

抽水蓄能电站具有水头高、埋深大、水库水位波动频繁等显著特点，工程区渗流场在洞室群开挖、充水试验以及运行全过程中将发生强烈变化，揭示其演变规律对于工程防渗优化设计与安全控制具有重要意义。依托五岳抽水蓄能电站工程，基于勘探期钻孔地下水位观测数据、施工期隧洞渗涌水观测数据以及充水试验阶段渗压/流量观测数据，采用非稳定渗流分析方法，开展了包含初始渗流场演算、施工期与充水试验期渗流场校正、运行期渗流场预测的全过程分析，系统揭示了工程区渗流场“下降—暂态平衡—回升—再平衡”的阶段性演变规律。计算结果表明：地下厂房洞室群施工开挖及排水系统实施引起地下水位显著下降，在厂区周围形成半径约750 m的降落漏斗，地下水位最大降幅达243.6 m，各洞室渗漏量先增后减，直至开挖完成后约1～1.5年内达到新的暂态平衡；在充水试验和运行阶段，厂区地下水位整体回升，降落漏斗范围收缩约41%，各洞室渗漏量在充水之后迅速增大，并在运行8～10个月后趋于动态稳定；厂区防渗排水性能良好，洞室群围岩渗压得到有效控制，且受充水和运行过程的影响较小，渗流场对上水库水位波动的响应呈现明显的“阻滞”和“滤波”效应，地下水位和渗流量的变化明显滞后且小于上水库的水位变化。研究成果对于抽水蓄能电站工程的渗流分析与防渗安全评价具有重要指导意义。

Abstract

Pumped storage power stations are characterized by high hydraulic heads

great burial depths

and frequent reservoir water level fluctuations. The seepage field at the site undergoes pronounced variations throughout the whole process of cavern excavation

water-filling tests

and long-term operation. Revealing its evolution pattern is of great significance for the optimization of seepage control design and safety management. Taking the Wuyue pumped storage power station as a case study

a whole-process seepage analysis was conducted using a transient seepage method

based on groundwater level observations from exploration-stage boreholes

tunnel inflow measurements during construction

and piezometric pressure and seepage discharge monitoring data during the water-filling test. The analysis framework covered the computation of the initial seepage field

calibration of the seepage field during the construction and water-filling stages

and prediction of the seepage field during the operation stage

systematically revealing a staged evolution pattern of the seepage field characterized by “drawdown–transient equilibrium–rebound–re-equilibrium.” The numerical results indicate that excavation of the underground powerhouse cavern group and the implementation of the drainage system caused a significant decline in groundwater levels

forming a depression cone with a radius of approximately 750 m around the powerhouse area

with a maximum groundwater level decrease of 243.6 m. Seepage discharges from the caverns initially increased and then gradually decreased

reaching a new transient equilibrium approximately 1–1.5 years after the completion of excavation. During the water-filling test and operation stages

groundwater levels in the powerhouse area generally rebounded

the drawdown cone area shrank by about 41%

and seepage discharges from the caverns increased rapidly after impoundment and gradually stabilized within 8–10 months of operation. The seepage control and drainage system in the powerhouse area performed effectively

maintaining seepage pressures in the surrounding rock at a low level and exhibiting limited sensitivity to water-filling and operational processes. The seepage field response to upper reservoir water level fluctuations shows pronounced lagging and filtering effects

with variations in groundwater levels and seepage discharges being significantly delayed and smaller in magnitude than the bireservoir water level changes. The findings are of great significance for seepage analysis and seepage safety evaluation of pumped storage power station projects.

关键词

Keywords

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