基于水文水动力需求的重要水生生物自然产卵试验场选择策略研究

刘璇; 张启凡; 姜伟; 曹光荣; 李秋平; 戴凌全

doi:10.14188/j.1671-8844.2025.0051

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基于水文水动力需求的重要水生生物自然产卵试验场选择策略研究

更新时间：2026-10-15

- 基于水文水动力需求的重要水生生物自然产卵试验场选择策略研究
- Research on the selection strategy for natural spawning trial site of important aquatic species based on hydrological and hydrodynamic requirements
- 武汉大学学报（工学版） 2026年页码：1-12
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国长江三峡集团有限公司长江生态环境工程研究中心，湖北武汉 430014
  2.长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心，湖北武汉 430014
  3.长江水利委员会水文局长江三峡水文水资源勘测局，湖北宜昌 443002
  4.中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所湖北宜昌 443100
- 作者简介：
  
  刘璇（1994-），女，工程师，博士，主要从事水文水资源方面的研究，E-mail: liu_xuan4@ctg.com.cn
  戴凌全（1986-），男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事生态水利过程调控方面的研究，E-mail: dai_lingquan@ctg.com.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  中国长江三峡集团公司项目资助(202303294);湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2024AFA036);中国长江三峡集团公司重大科研项目(WWKY-2021-0351)
- DOI：10.14188/j.1671-8844.2025.0051
  中图分类号： TV1
- 网络首发：2026-10-15，
- 稿件说明：
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刘璇, 张启凡, 姜伟, 等. 基于水文水动力需求的重要水生生物自然产卵试验场选择策略研究[J/OL]. 武汉大学学报（工学版）, 2026,1-12.

LIU Xuan, ZHANG Qifan, JIANG Wei, et al. Research on the selection strategy for natural spawning trial site of important aquatic species based on hydrological and hydrodynamic requirements[J/OL]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2026, 1-12.
刘璇, 张启凡, 姜伟, 等. 基于水文水动力需求的重要水生生物自然产卵试验场选择策略研究[J/OL]. 武汉大学学报（工学版）, 2026,1-12. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8844.2025.0051.

LIU Xuan, ZHANG Qifan, JIANG Wei, et al. Research on the selection strategy for natural spawning trial site of important aquatic species based on hydrological and hydrodynamic requirements[J/OL]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2026, 1-12. DOI： 10.14188/j.1671-8844.2025.0051.

摘要

恢复重要水生生物自然产卵是维护长江流域生物多样性的关键举措，而自然产卵试验场的科学选择是试验能否成功的决定性因素之一。以重要水生生物中华鲟为例，基于历史实测资料解析中华鲟产卵适宜水文水动力条件，耦合三维水动力模型和产卵适宜度模型，量化不同流量下潜在试验场产卵适宜度的空间分布特征，分析宜昌胭脂坝右岸分汊河道作为中华鲟产卵试验场的适宜性。结果表明：11月水温降至20.0℃以后满足中华鲟自然产卵对水温的需求，主河道流量增加能够有效提升试验场水深和流速适宜度，主河道流量每增加1000 m

/s，分汊河道流速增加0.01～0.04 m/s，水深增加0.4～0.7 m；在具体试验场地选择上优先推荐在分汊河道下游河段，采取拦网、围网等局部区域封闭措施；在试验年份上建议在丰水年宜昌站流量大于13000 m³/s时开展试验，在平水处或枯水年可采用生态调度、明渠引流、造流泵造流等调控措施改善试验区的水文水动力条件，进而提高产卵的成功率。研究成果可为中华鲟自然产卵试验场科学选址提供理论依据，也为其他重要水生生物产卵试验场选择提供方法指导。

Abstract

Restoring the natural spawning of important aquatic species is a key measure to preserve biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin. The scientific selection of natural spawning trial sites is one of the decisive factors for the success of such restoration efforts. This article takes the Chinese sturgeon as an example

and the right branched river channel near Yanzhiba has been identified as a potential trial site. Based on historical field data

this study analyzed the hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions suitable for Chinese sturgeon spawning. By coupling a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with a Habitat Suitability model

the spatial distribution characteristics of spawning suitability under different flow conditions were quantified. The results show that after the water temperature drops below 20.0℃ in

November

it meets the natural spawning needs of Chinese sturgeon for water temperature. Increasing the discharge in the main channel could effectively improve the water depth and flow velocity suitability at the trial site. For every 1000 m

/s increase in the main channel discharge

the flow velocity in the branched channel increases by 0.01~0.04 m/s

and the water depth increases by 0.4~0.7 m. In terms of specific trial site selection

it is recommended to prioritize the downstream section of the branched river channel and adopt local area closure measures such as blocking and fencing. It is recommended to conduct trial when the flow rate at Yichang station is greater than 13000 m

/s in wet years. Increasing outflow through reservoir ecological operation

drawing water from the main Yangtze through open channel

artificially creating velocities by the pumps could be adopted in normal or dry years to improve the hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions in the trial area

thereby increasing the spawning success rate. This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific selection of natural spawning trial sites for Chinese sturgeon and provide methodological guidance for selecting spawning sites for other important aquatic species.

关键词

Keywords

references

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