As a critical insulating and connecting component in high-voltage power transmission and transformation systems

the manufacturing level of bushings directly impacts the safety and stability of the power grid as well as the efficiency of energy transmission

and represents a key technological link supporting dual-carbon goals through initiatives such as the West-to-East Power Transmission Project. This paper systematically reviews the current status and industrial challenges in the domestic manufacturing of four mainstream bushing products

namely

oil-impregnated paper bushing

SF₆ gas bushing

resin-impregnated paper bushing

and resin-impregnated fiber bushing

from following three perspectives: material systems

structural design and process control. The study reveals that oil-paper bushings feature mature technology and hold a market share of over 56% at voltage levels of 550 kV and below

yet they face challenges such as aging of oil-paper insulation and sealing leakage. SF₆ gas bushings lead internationally in ultra-high-voltage direct current(UHVDC) applications

though their high cost and the greenhouse effect of SF₆ limit environmental compatibility. Resin-impregnated paper bushings offer superior safety performance and are increasingly becoming the mainstream choice in ultra high voltage(UHV) projects and markets

yet they still rely on imported epoxy resin and crepe paper

with a relatively complex manufacturing process. Resin-impregnated fiber bushings

as a domestically developed technology

are gradually being applied in 550 kV and below AC projects

though the issue of space charge accumulation in DC applications remains unresolved. Driven by national strategic development

manufacturing technology of bushing has evolved from “catching up” to “running in parallel and leading in certain areas”. This study provides a systematic reference for the independent and high-end development of bushing manufacturing technology in China

supporting the construction of UHV power grids and new energy transmission networks.