氨氮负荷对草型养殖水体除氮性能的影响

姜鸣晨; 马帅兵; 何东; 侯杰; 何绪刚; 王洁

doi:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.018

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氨氮负荷对草型养殖水体除氮性能的影响

资源与环境 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 氨氮负荷对草型养殖水体除氮性能的影响
- Impact of ammonia nitrogen loading on nitrogen removal performance in macrophyte-dominated aquaculture water
- 华中农业大学学报 2026年45卷第3期页码：206-214
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华中农业大学水产学院，武汉430070
  2.长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心/农业农村部水产养殖设施工程重点实验室，武汉 430070
- 作者简介：
  
  姜鸣晨，E-mail：jiangmingchen@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  王洁，E-mail：jiew@mail.hzau.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2400504)
- DOI：10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.018
  中图分类号： S969.3
- 收稿：2025-09-15，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-25
- 稿件说明：
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姜鸣晨，马帅兵，何东，等.氨氮负荷对草型养殖水体除氮性能的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2026，45（3）：206‐214.

JIANG Mingchen,MA Shuaibing,HE Dong,et al.Impact of ammonia nitrogen loading on nitrogen removal performance in macrophyte-dominated aquaculture water[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2026,45(03):206-214.
姜鸣晨，马帅兵，何东，等.氨氮负荷对草型养殖水体除氮性能的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2026，45（3）：206‐214. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.018.

JIANG Mingchen,MA Shuaibing,HE Dong,et al.Impact of ammonia nitrogen loading on nitrogen removal performance in macrophyte-dominated aquaculture water[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2026,45(03):206-214. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.018.

摘要

为明确池塘集约化养殖中合理的氨氮负荷输入量，以苦草为对象，开展室外模拟试验，分析不同氮负荷持续输入条件下苦草型水生系统上覆水与间隙水的氮去除特征，量化苦草对氮素的去除能力，并阐明氨氮输入强度对草型养殖水体氮净化性能的影响。结果显示：低氨氮负荷条件下，苦草组和无水草组的氮去除率均可达到90%；中氨氮负荷条件下，苦草组和无水草组氮去除能力下降，苦草组总氮去除率［（70.00±0.42）%］略高于无水草组［（64.66±0.27）%］，上覆水均积累NH₄⁺-N，但苦草组NH₄⁺-N质量浓度更低；高氨氮负荷条件下，苦草组和无水草组TN去除率分别降至（33.63±0.37）%和（33.17±0.23）%，2组上覆水NH₄⁺-N快速升高且无显著差异。但各种氮负荷下，苦草组沉积物间隙水中NH₄⁺-N均低于无水草组。苦草对氮去除的贡献量计算结果显示，在低和中质量浓度氨氮负荷下，苦草对污染物有一定的吸收能力，而高氨氮负荷会对苦草除氮产生负面影响。以上结果表明，控制养殖水体中外源性氨氮负荷在中质量浓度（约0.625 g/m³）以下，能保证苦草型养殖水体对有害氮素的削减。

Abstract

To determine the optimal ammonia nitrogen loading in intensive pond aquaculture systems，an outdoor simulation experiment was conducted using

Vallisneria

as the model plant.The nitrogen removal performance of the

Vallisneria

-based aquatic system was evaluated under continuous inputs of varying nitrogen loads by analyzing nitrogen removal characteristics in both the overlying water and sediment pore water.The nitrogen removal capacity of

Vallisneria

was quantified，and the effects of ammonia nitrogen loading intensity on nitrogen purification performance were elucidated.Three levels of ammonia nitrogen loading were examined.The results showed that under low ammonia nitrogen loading，both the

Vallisneria

group and the control group （without macrophytes，No-plant group） achieved nitrogen removal rates of approximately 90%.Under medium ammonia nitrogen loading，the nitrogen removal capacities of both the

Vallisneria natans

group and the No-plant group decreased.The total nitrogen removal rate of the

V. natans

group ［（70.00±0.42）%］ was slightly higher than that of the No-plant group ［（64.66±0.27）%］.Ammonium nitrogen accumulated in the overlying water of both groups，but the concentration in the

V. natans

group was lower.Under high ammonia nitrogen loading，the total nitrogen removal rates of the

V. natans

group and the No-plant group decreased to （33.63±0.37）% and （33.17±0.23）%，respectively.The ammonium nitrogen concentration in the overlying water of both groups increased rapidly，with no sig

nificant difference between them.However，under all nitrogen load conditions，the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the sediment interstitial water of the

V. natans

group was lower than that of the No-plant group.Calculation of of

V. natans

’s contribution to nitrogen removal indicated that under low and medium ammonia nitrogen loads，

V. natans

exhibited a certain absorption capacity to absorb pollutants，whereas high ammonia nitrogen loads negatively impacted its nitrogen removal ability.In conclusion，controlling the exogenous ammonia nitrogen load in aquaculture water bodies to below medium concentrations （approximately 0.625 grams per cubic meter） can ensure the reduction of harmful nitrogen.

关键词

Keywords

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