三峡库区典型小流域近30年侵蚀产沙演变及其源-汇调控机制

李阔; 董兆欢; 林丽蓉; 张娜丽; 付晓文; 高超

doi:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.017

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三峡库区典型小流域近30年侵蚀产沙演变及其源-汇调控机制

资源与环境 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 三峡库区典型小流域近30年侵蚀产沙演变及其源-汇调控机制
- Evolution of erosion and sediment yield in a typical small watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir area over past 30 years and its source-to-sink regulation mechanisms
- 华中农业大学学报 2026年45卷第3期页码：196-205
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430070
  2.河南省洛阳市嵩县植物保护和检疫站，洛阳 471400
  3.湖北省宜昌市秭归县水利和湖泊局，宜昌 443600
  4.湖北省水土保持监测中心，武汉 430071
- 作者简介：
  
  李阔，E-mail：kuoli@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  林丽蓉，E-mail：lrlin@mail.hzau.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY202210;HBSLKY202120)
- DOI：10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.017
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 收稿：2026-01-30，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-25
- 稿件说明：
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李阔，董兆欢，林丽蓉，等.三峡库区典型小流域近30年侵蚀产沙演变及其源-汇调控机制［J］.华中农业大学学报，2026，45（3）：196‐205.

LI Kuo,DONG Zhaohuan,LIN Lirong,et al.Evolution of erosion and sediment yield in a typical small watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir area over past 30 years and its source-to-sink regulation mechanisms[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2026,45(03):196-205.
李阔，董兆欢，林丽蓉，等.三峡库区典型小流域近30年侵蚀产沙演变及其源-汇调控机制［J］.华中农业大学学报，2026，45（3）：196‐205. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.017.

LI Kuo,DONG Zhaohuan,LIN Lirong,et al.Evolution of erosion and sediment yield in a typical small watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir area over past 30 years and its source-to-sink regulation mechanisms[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2026,45(03):196-205. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2026.03.017.

摘要

为厘清长江上游水土保持重点防治工程实施后侵蚀“源”与泥沙“汇”的耦合调控机制，基于三峡库区王家桥小流域控制站1989—2021年的降雨、径流、泥沙及土壤、地形、土地利用与植被覆盖等数据，综合运用Mann-Kendall检验、双累积曲线、中国水土流失方程（CSLE）和地理探测器模型等方法分析该小流域水土流失控制情况。结果显示：近33年间，小流域年降雨量及降雨侵蚀力无显著变化；而年径流量和产沙量变化呈极显著下降趋势（

0.01），年均降幅分别为1.46×10

和493.4 t，且均在1999年前后发生突变；与1990年相比，2020年的土壤侵蚀模数下降84.3%；流域土壤侵蚀等级整体向微度侵蚀转变；流域出口输沙模数下降90.8%，泥沙输移比由0.74降至0.43；土地利用优化和植被覆盖度提升等人类活动对坡面产沙和流域输沙减少的贡献率分别为71.3%和88.7%。研究表明，长江上游水土保持重点防治工程通过优化土地利用结构与提升植被覆盖度等措施，在流域尺度上实效了泥沙的持续有效控制。

Abstract

The implementation of key projects of conserving soil and water in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has effectively promoted the control of soil erosion in the Wangjiaqiao small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Mann-Kendall test， double cumulative curve method， Chinese Soil Loss Equation（CSLE）， and Geodetector model were comprehensively used to analyze data including the rainfall， runoff， sediment， soil properties， topography， land use， and vegetation coverage collected at the Wangjiaqiao small watershed control station from 1989 to 2021 to clarify the coupling regulation mechanism between erosion “source” and sediment “sink” after implementing the project. The results showed that there was no significant change in the annual rainfall and rainfall erosivity in small watershed in the past 33 years. The annual runoff and sediment yield had a significant downward trend（

0.01）， with an average annual decrease of 1.46×10⁵ m³ and 493.4 t， respectively， and both experienced su

dden changes around 1999. Compared to 1990， the soil erosion modulus in 2020 decreased by 84.3%. The overall intensity of soil erosion in the watershed shifted towards micro-erosion. The sediment yield modulus at the outlet of the watershed decreased by 90.8%， and the sediment delivery ratio decreased from 0.74 to 0.43. The contribution rates of human activities including optimizing land use and improving vegetation coverage to the reduction of slope sediment yield and watershed sediment delivery were 71.3% and 88.7%， respectively. It is indicated that the key projects of preventing and controlling soil and conserving water in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River have achieved sustainable and effective control of sediment at the watershed scale by optimizing the structure of land use and increasing vegetation coverage.

关键词

Keywords

references

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