华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
马晓诺, E-mail: 1683663913@qq.com
蔡红梅,E-mail: caihongmei@mail.hzau.edu.cn
收稿:2024-11-19,
纸质出版:2025-09-15
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马晓诺,侯星宇,蔡红梅.长江中下游主栽水稻钾高效品种筛选及其生理生化特征[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(5):25‐35.
MA Xiaonuo,HOU Xingyu,CAI Hongmei.Screening potassium efficient rice varieties mainly planted in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and its physiological and biochemical characteristics[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(05):25-35.
马晓诺,侯星宇,蔡红梅.长江中下游主栽水稻钾高效品种筛选及其生理生化特征[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(5):25‐35. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.05.003.
MA Xiaonuo,HOU Xingyu,CAI Hongmei.Screening potassium efficient rice varieties mainly planted in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and its physiological and biochemical characteristics[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(05):25-35. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.05.003.
为探究长江中下游主栽水稻品种钾高效的生理生化特征,以该地区57份主栽水稻品种为试验材料,通过营养液培养试验进行钾效率筛选;进一步以筛选获得的钾高、低效品种为研究对象,结合营养液培养试验、土壤盆栽试验和大田小区试验,分析两者在生长表型、产量形成、钾素吸收转运及其相关基因表达水平上的差异。通过筛选确定钾高效品种为香两优16(23#),钾低效品种为兴安香占(14#)。结果显示,无论在正常施钾(+K)还是不施钾(-K)处理下,钾高效品种具有更加优良的根系构型和生物量,其株高、根长、根尖数、根系总表面积和总体积、根和地上部干质量均显著高于钾低效品种;钾高效品种的有效穗数、穗长、千粒重和籽粒产量均高于钾低效品种;钾高效品种对钾素的吸收、转运和利用均显著优于钾低效品种,其根和地上部钾累积量、植株中钾的吸收量、钾素利用指数及在籽粒中的分配比例均显著高于钾低效品种;钾高效品种中钾吸收运输基因
OsAKT1
、
OsHAK1
、
OsHAK4
、
OsHKT2;1
、
OsKAT2
和
OsKAT3
的表达水平均显著高于钾低效品种。结果表明,优良的根系构型、更强的钾素吸收能力并高效地向地上部转运,以及将更多的钾向籽粒分配是钾高效品种的重要特征。
57 rice varieties mainly planted in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were used to study the physiological and biochemical characteristics of potassium efficient rice varieties planted in this region.Hydroponic culture was conducted to screen potassium utilization efficiency.The potassium efficient and potassium inefficient rice varieties were used to analyze the differences in growth,yield formation,absorption and translocation of potassium,the expression level of related genes with hydroponic culture,soil pot experiment,and field assay.The results showed that the potassium efficient and potassium inefficient rice variety was determined to be Xiangliangyou No.16(23#) and Xinganxiangzhan(14#).The potassium efficient rice variety had better root architecture and biomass under both +K and -K treatments,with significantly higher plant height,root length,number of root tips,total surface area and volume of roots,and dry weight
of roots and shoots compared to that of potassium inefficient rice variety.The effective number of spikes,spike length,thousand-grain weight,and grain yield of the potassium efficient rice variety was higher than that of the potassium inefficient rice variety.The absorption,translocation and utilization of potassium in potassium efficient rice variety was significantly higher than that in the potassium inefficient rice variety.The accumulation of potassium in roots and shoots,the absorption of potassium in plant,potassium utilization index,and distribution ratio in grains of potassium efficient rice variety were all significantly higher than that of the potassium inefficient variety.The expression level of
OsAKT1,OsHAK1,OsHAK4,OsHKT2;1,OsKAT2,and OsKAT3
gene in the potassium efficient rice variety was significantly higher than that in the potassium inefficient rice variety.It is indicated that excellent root architecture,stronger absorption capacity of potassium,efficiently transporting potassium to shoot,and distributing more potassium to grains are important characteristics of the potassium efficient rice variety.
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