华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
马晓诺, E-mail: 1683663913@qq.com
蔡红梅,E-mail: caihongmei@mail.hzau.edu.cn
收稿:2024-11-19,
纸质出版:2025-09-15
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马晓诺,侯星宇,蔡红梅.长江中下游主栽水稻氮高效品种筛选及其生理生化特征[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(5):1‐12.
MA Xiaonuo,HOU Xingyu,CAI Hongmei.Screening of nitrogen efficient rice varieties mainly planted in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and their physiological and biochemical characteristics[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(05):1-12.
马晓诺,侯星宇,蔡红梅.长江中下游主栽水稻氮高效品种筛选及其生理生化特征[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(5):1‐12. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.05.001.
MA Xiaonuo,HOU Xingyu,CAI Hongmei.Screening of nitrogen efficient rice varieties mainly planted in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and their physiological and biochemical characteristics[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(05):1-12. DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.05.001.
为探究长江中下游主栽水稻品种氮高效的生理生化特征,以该地区57份主栽水稻品种为试验材料,通过营养液培养试验进行氮效率筛选;以筛选获得的氮高、低效品种为研究对象,结合营养液培养试验、土壤盆栽试验和大田小区试验,分析两者在生长表型、产量形成、氮素吸收利用及其相关基因表达、酶活性及代谢产物上的差异。结果显示,通过筛选确定氮高效品种为荃优丝苗(5#),氮低效品种为五优晶丝苗(8#);无论在全氮(+N)还是缺氮(-N)处理下,氮高效品种具有更加优良的根系构型和生物量,其株高、根长、根尖数、根系总表面积和总体积、根和地上部干质量均显著高于氮低效品种;氮高效品种的有效穗数、穗长、千粒重、结实率和籽粒产量均高于氮低效品种;氮高效品种对氮素的吸收利用显著优于氮低效品种,其根和地上部氮含量、氮累积量、根系对
15
NO
3
-
和
15
NH
4
+
的吸收、氮素利用指数及在籽粒中的分配比例均显著高于氮低效品种;氮高效品种中大多数氮吸收转运和还原同化基因的表达水平显著高于氮低效品种;+N条件下,氮高效品种根中硝酸还原酶活性和地上部谷氨酸合酶活性、可溶性蛋白和糖的含量均显著高于氮低效品种。结果表明,优良的根系构型、更强的氮素吸收能力、高效地向地上部转运并还原同化以及将更多的氮向籽粒分配是氮高效品种的重要特征。
57 rice varieties mainly planted in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were used to study the physiological and biochemical characteristics of nitrogen efficient rice varieties mainly planted in this region.Hydroponic culture was conducted to screen the nitrogen efficiency of rice.The nitrogen-efficient and nitrogen-inefficient rice varieties screened were further used to analyze the differences in growth, yield formation, absorption and utilization of nitrogen, activity of enzymes, metabolites, and expression level of related genes with hydroponic culture, soil pot, and field trials.The results showed that the nitrogen efficient and nitrogen inefficient rice variety was determined to be Quanyousimiao(5#) and Wuyoujingsimiao(8#).5# had better root architecture and biomass under both +N and -N treatments, with significantly higher plant height, root length, number of root tips, total surface area and volume of roots, and
dry weight of roots and shoots compared to that of 8#.The effective number of spikes, spike length, thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, grain yield, and absorption and utilization of nitrogen of 5# was higher than that of 8#.The content of nitrogen, accumulation of roots and shoots, the absorption of
15
NO
3
-
and
15
NH
4
+
, nitrogen utilization index, and distribution ratio in grains of 5# was significantly higher than that of 8#.The expression level of most genes involved in the absorption, transport, reduction, and assimilation of nitrogen in 5# was significantly higher than that in 8#.The activity of NR in root and activity of GOGAT in shoot, the content of soluble protein and sugar in 5# was significantly higher than that in 8#.It is indicated that excellent architecture of root, stronger absorption capacity of nitrogen, efficiently transporting nitrogen to shoot, timely reducing and assimilating nitrogen, and distributing more nitrogen to grains are important characteristics of nitrogen-efficient rice variety.
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