石膏配施有机物料对碱化盐土及玉米生长的影响

樊丽琴; 沈婧丽; 王旭; 吴霞; 陈文茜

doi:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.008

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石膏配施有机物料对碱化盐土及玉米生长的影响

中低产耕地改良培肥专题 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 石膏配施有机物料对碱化盐土及玉米生长的影响
- Effects of gypsum combined with organic materials on alkalized solonchaks and growth of maize
- 华中农业大学学报 2025年44卷第4期页码：79-87
- 作者机构：
  
  宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所/国家农业环境银川观测试验站，银川 750002
- 作者简介：
  
  樊丽琴，E-mail： fanlqnx@126.com
  王旭，E-mail：wangxu640321@126.com
- 基金信息：
  
  宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-11-03);宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01050);农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测(NAES091AE18)
- DOI：10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.008
  中图分类号： S287
- 收稿：2024-12-12，
  
  纸质出版：2025-07-05
- 稿件说明：
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樊丽琴，沈婧丽，王旭，等.石膏配施有机物料对碱化盐土及玉米生长的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2025，44（4）：79‐87.

FAN Liqin,SHEN Jingli,WANG Xu,et al.Effects of gypsum combined with organic materials on alkalized solonchaks and growth of maize[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(04):79-87.
樊丽琴，沈婧丽，王旭，等.石膏配施有机物料对碱化盐土及玉米生长的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2025，44（4）：79‐87. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.008.

FAN Liqin,SHEN Jingli,WANG Xu,et al.Effects of gypsum combined with organic materials on alkalized solonchaks and growth of maize[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(04):79-87. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.008.

摘要

为探索重度盐碱地的节水降碱培肥技术，针对旱区碱化盐土盐碱并重、淡水资源短缺、作物生长困难的实际问题，选取有机肥、玉米秸秆、糠醛渣和生物炭4种有机物料与脱硫石膏配施，以无任何改良物料的处理为对照，在宁夏惠农区通过桶栽试验研究微咸水滴灌下石膏配施有机物料对碱化盐土性质及玉米生长的影响。结果表明：施用石膏增加了土壤交换性钙含量，有效降低土壤电导率和pH，电导率降幅为28.3%~57.9%，土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有机碳含量显著降低，但翌年春季单施石膏下土壤电导率会增加，土壤有效磷含量降低。在施用石膏和有机肥的基础上，配施0.56%的糠醛渣或生物炭可进一步降低土壤电导率并增加交换性钙含量，维持土壤全氮和速效钾含量不降低，显著增加土壤有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷含量。在施用石膏和有机肥的基础上，配施0.56%的糠醛渣在减轻翌年土壤盐碱危害，增加土壤有机碳、全氮、有效磷和阳离子交换量方面效果显著，可促进玉米株高和茎粗增加，增加玉米生物量。因糠醛渣比生物炭有更好的经济性，因此，脱硫石膏配施有机肥和糠醛渣适宜于改良碱化盐土。

Abstract

The techniques of saving water，reducing alkalinity and enhancing soil fertility in heavily saline-alkaline areas in Ningxia were developed to solve practical problems including equal emphasis on saline and alkali in soil，shortage of freshwater resources，and difficulties in the growth of crops in arid areas.Four organic materials including organic fertilizer，maize straw，furfural residue，and biochar were selected for combination with desulfurization gypsum.The treatment without any improved materials was used as a control.A series of bucket cultivation experiments were conducted in Huinong District，Ningxia to study the effects of gypsum irrigation with slightly salty water droplets combined with organic materials on the properties of alkaline and saline in soil and the growth of maize.The results showed that the application of gypsum increased the content of exchangeable calcium in the soil，significantly decreased the conductivity and pH in soil，with a decrease in conductivity of 28.3%-57.9%.The content of total nitrogen，alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，available potassium，and organic carbon in the soil was significantly decreased，but the conductivity in soil increased and the content of available phosphorus decreased in the following spring.The combination of gypsum and organic fertilizer with 0.56% furfural residue or biochar further decreased the electrical conductivity in soil and increased the content of exchangeable calcium，maintaining the content of total nitrogen and available potassium in soil，significantly increasing the content of organic carbon，alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，and available phosphorus in soil.The addition of 0.56% furfural residue combined with gypsum and organic fertilizer significantly mitigated the salinity and alkalinity in soil in the following year，while significantly increasing the content of organic carbon，total nitrogen，available phosphorus，and the cation exchange capacity in soil to significantly increase the plant height，stem diameter of maize，ultimately increasing the biomass of maize.It is indicated that the economic benefit of furfural residue is better than that of biochar，therefore，the combination of desulfurization gypsum combined with organic fertilizer and furfural residue is suitable for improving the alkalized solonchaks soil.

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Keywords

references

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