硅酸钾改性生物炭对土壤铝硅形态和小麦生长发育及产量的影响

龙巧玲; 朱俊; 谭文峰; 林杉; 付庆灵; 胡红青

doi:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.004

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硅酸钾改性生物炭对土壤铝硅形态和小麦生长发育及产量的影响

中低产耕地改良培肥专题 | 更新时间：2026-11-05

- 硅酸钾改性生物炭对土壤铝硅形态和小麦生长发育及产量的影响
- Effects of potassium silicate-modified biochar on speciation of aluminum and silicon in soil，growth and yield of wheat
- 华中农业大学学报 2025年44卷第4期页码：37-46
- 作者机构：
  
  华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430070
- 作者简介：
  
  龙巧玲，E-mail：471279290@qq.com
  胡红青，E-mail：hqhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901202)
- DOI：10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.004
  中图分类号： S156
- 收稿：2025-03-18，
  
  纸质出版：2025-07-05
- 稿件说明：
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龙巧玲，朱俊，谭文峰，等.硅酸钾改性生物炭对土壤铝硅形态和小麦生长发育及产量的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2025，44（4）：37‐46.

LONG Qiaoling,ZHU Jun,TAN Wenfeng,et al.Effects of potassium silicate-modified biochar on speciation of aluminum and silicon in soil，growth and yield of wheat[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(04):37-46.
龙巧玲，朱俊，谭文峰，等.硅酸钾改性生物炭对土壤铝硅形态和小麦生长发育及产量的影响［J］.华中农业大学学报，2025，44（4）：37‐46. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.004.

LONG Qiaoling,ZHU Jun,TAN Wenfeng,et al.Effects of potassium silicate-modified biochar on speciation of aluminum and silicon in soil，growth and yield of wheat[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2025,44(04):37-46. DOI： 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.04.004.

摘要

为探究硅酸钾改性生物炭对土壤铝形态转化及作物生长的作用机制，以酸性红壤为材料，采用盆栽试验，设置CK（无生物炭）、0.5%原始生物炭（0.5% unmodified biochar，0.5% CBC）、1%原始生物炭（1% CBC）、2%原始生物炭（2% CBC）、0.5%硅酸钾改性生物炭（0.5% silicate-modified biochar，0.5% S-CBC）、1%硅酸钾改性生物炭（1% S-CBC）、2%硅酸钾改性生物炭（2% S-CBC），每个处理4次重复，种植小麦并测定土壤性质。结果显示，硅酸钾改性生物炭（S-CBC）对小麦生长的促进效果高于原生物炭（CBC）。0.5% S-CBC处理小麦幼苗的根系活力显著提高了103.0%；与2% CBC处理相比，0.5% S-CBC处理使小麦单穗质量显著提高了8.61%。S-CBC处理显著降低了小麦植株的铝含量，增加了小麦根系对硅的吸收。生物炭的添加还显著降低了土壤交换性酸含量，相较于2% CBC处理，0.5% S-CBC处理交换性酸量降低了29.17%，并促进了活性铝转化为非活性态，S-CBC的作用效果显著强于CBC。同时，生物炭提高了土壤交换性盐基离子，相较于2% CBC处理，0.5% S-CBC处理的交换性K

增加了87.96%。此外，生物炭增加了土壤微生物活性，改变了细菌群落组成，而土壤pH和交换态铝（Ex-Al

）是影响微生物群落丰富度的关键因子。总体来说，添加S-CBC提高了土壤肥力，降低了土壤酸度，增加了土壤微生物活性，进而促进了小麦生长。供试土壤上以0.5% S-CBC添加量效果最好。

Abstract

Acidic soil wa

s used to study the effects of potassium silicate-modified biochar on the speciation of aluminum（Al） in soil and the growth of crops.7 treatments including CK （no biochar），0.5% raw biochar （0.5% unmodified biochar，0.5% CBC），1% raw biochar （1% CBC），2% raw biochar （2% CBC），0.5% potassium silicate-modified biochar （0.5% S-CBC），1% potassium silicate modified biochar （1% S-CBC），and 2% potassium silicate modified biochar （2% S-CBC） were set up for pot experiments to plant wheat and measure soil properties，with 4 replicates per treatment.The results showed that the effect of S-CBC on promoting the growth of wheat was higher than that of raw biochar.The root vitality of wheat seedlings treated with 0.5% S-CBC significantly increased by 103.0%.The single-spike weight of wheat treated with 0.5% S-CBC significantly increased by 8.61% compared to that with 2% CBC.S-CBC treatment significantly reduced the content of aluminum in wheat plants and increased the absorption of silicon by roots of wheat.The addition of biochar significantly decreased the content of exchangeable acids in soil.0.5% S-CBC treatment decreased the content of exchangeable acid by 29.17% and promoted the conversion of active aluminum to inactive state compared to 2% CBC treatment，indicating that the effect of S-CBC is significantly stronger than that of CBC.Biochar increased exchangeable base cations in soil，and 0.5% S-CBC treatment increased exchangeable K

by 87.96% compared to 2% CBC treatment.Biochar increased microbial activity in soil and changed the composition of bacterial community，with soil pH and exchangeable Al³⁺ （Ex-Al³⁺） identified as key factors affecting the richness of microbial community.Overall，the addition of S-CBC improved soil fertility，alleviated soil acidity，increased microbial activity in soil，and thus promoted the growth of wheat.The best effect was achieved with the addition of 0.5% S-CBC to the soil tested.

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