1.北京大学地球与空间科学学院遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京,100871
2.美国东北大学网络科学研究所,波士顿,MA 02115
3.北京大学建筑与景观设计学院,北京,100000
4.香港科技大学(广州)城市治理与设计学域,广东 广州,511453
5.北京师范大学地理科学学部卫星应用前沿交叉研究院,北京,100875
6.中南大学人工智能学院,湖南 长沙,410083
7.广州大学地理科学与遥感学院,广东 广州,510006
8.北京大学城市与环境科学学院,北京,100871
9.中国人民大学信息学院,北京,100872
10.江西师范大学地理与环境学院,江西 南昌,330027
11.国家基础地理信息中心,北京,100830
刘瑜,博士,教授,主要从事地理信息科学方向的研究。liuyu@urban.pku.edu.cn
收稿:2026-10-06,
纸质出版:2026-10-05
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刘瑜,陈琳,张帆,等.刍议空间智能与地理空间智能[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(10):2206-2214.
LIU Yu ,CHEN Lin,ZHANG Fan,et al.On Spatial Intelligence and Geo-spatial Intelligence[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(10):2206-2214.
刘瑜,陈琳,张帆,等.刍议空间智能与地理空间智能[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(10):2206-2214. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260391
LIU Yu ,CHEN Lin,ZHANG Fan,et al.On Spatial Intelligence and Geo-spatial Intelligence[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(10):2206-2214. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20260391
人工智能技术正在改变人类认知与改造空间的方式,当前形成两类内涵迥异的空间智能技术。一类来自计算机与人机交互领域的空间智能,面向机器的具身交互;另一类是地理学发展而来的地理空间智能,侧重宏观尺度地表系统分析模拟。两类技术路径的割裂差异,根源在于其依托的空间本体不同,即微观的具身空间与宏观的离身空间,二者在本体论、认识论层面存在第一性的差异。具身空间立足人体尺度,强调主体体验与社会建构,对智能体的情境感知、实时交互能力提出高要求;离身空间强调客观系统观测,面向区域乃至全球尺度,重点解决海量时空数据处理与复杂过程模拟问题。现有研究往往割裂两类范式,较少讨论二者融合的理论基础。基于此,辨析了具身/离身空间的核心差异,对比两套范式对应的技术体系,提出地理空间数字孪生作为统一集成平台,以多尺度空间智能体实现微观与宏观能力贯通,以期为智慧城市、气候变化等复杂人地系统问题提供新的理论视角与实现路径。
Artificial intelligence is transforming how humans perceive and interact with space
giving rise to two technically distinct paradigms of spatial intelligence. Spatial intelligence originates from computer science and human-computer interaction and targets embodied machine-environment interaction. By contrast
geospatial intelligence is rooted in geography and focuses on the analysis and simulation of Earth's surface systems at macro scales. The fragmentation between these two technical approaches stems from divergent spatial ontologies: micro-scale embodied space versus macro-scale disembodied space
which exhibit systematic disparities at both ontological and epistemological levels. Centered on human-body scale
embodied space highlights subjective experience and social construction
imposing stringent requirements on machines for situational awareness and real-time interaction. Disembodied space
however
prioritizes objective systematic observation across regional to global extents
with core challenges lying in massive spatiotemporal data processing and complex-process simulation. Existing studies often treat these two paradigms in isolation
while the theoretical foundation for their integration remains underexplored. Against this backdrop
this paper identifies the fundamental distinctions between embodied and disembodied spaces and compares their corresponding technical stacks. We propose digital twins as a unified integrative infrastructure and adopt multi-scale spatial agents to bridge micro- and macro-level capabilities. This work aims to deliver novel theoretical insights and implementable pathways for tackling complex human-environment challenges such as smart-city governance and climate-change adaptation.
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