武汉大学测绘学院,湖北 武汉,430079
吴子恒,硕士,主要从事GNSS反射技术及其应用研究。zihengwu@whu.edu.cn
郭斐,博士,教授。fguo@sgg.whu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-02-14,
纸质出版:2026-06-05
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吴子恒,郭斐,张治宇.双天线多系统实时厘米级GNSS-R水面测高方法及性能分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(6):1130-1137.
WU Ziheng,GUO Fei,ZHANG Zhiyu.Dual-Antenna Multi-system Real-Time Centimeter-Level GNSS-R Water Surface Altimetry Method and Performance Analysis[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(6):1130-1137.
吴子恒,郭斐,张治宇.双天线多系统实时厘米级GNSS-R水面测高方法及性能分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(6):1130-1137. DOI:,10.13203/j.whugis20250035
WU Ziheng,GUO Fei,ZHANG Zhiyu.Dual-Antenna Multi-system Real-Time Centimeter-Level GNSS-R Water Surface Altimetry Method and Performance Analysis[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(6):1130-1137. DOI:,10.13203/j.whugis20250035
全球导航卫星系统反射(global navigation satellite system-reflectometry
GNSS-R)是一种被动式遥感技术,具有高时空分辨率、低成本等优势。针对传统岸基单天线干涉法在小尺度水域测高精度低、连续性差的问题,提出一种基于相对定位原理的上下视双天线实时厘米级GNSS-R水面测高方法。通过多系统组合解基线向量的方式,反演水面高度变化,并在实验场开展了长期连续运行测试。结果表明,上下视天线的模糊度平均固定率达到93.97%,测高均方根误差平均为2.39 cm,相较于传统单天线GNSS-R测高有显著优势。此外,对比分析了单系统和多系统组合测高性能,采用多系统组合的测高方法相较于使用单北斗卫星导航系统和GPS+Galileo,在测高连续性上分别提升了85.1%和209.2%,在测高精度上分别提升了17.9%和69.5%,为中小尺度水域的实时连续高精度水位变化监测提供了新的技术途径。
Objectives
2
Global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R)
as a passive bistatic radar configuration
offers unique advantages in high spatiotemporal resolution
cost efficiency
and global signal availability. These merits have propelled its widespread applications across marine remote sensing (e.g.
sea surface altimetry
wind speed retrieval) and terrestrial monitoring (e.g.
soil moisture estimation
ice sheet characterization). Particularly
GNSS-R-based water surface altimetry has garnered significant scientific attention due to its capacity for non-contact
all-weather monitoring
with extensive investigations conducted globally on coastal zones
inland lakes
and river systems. While existing studies have demonstrated its technological potential
critical challenges persist in conventional shore-based single-antenna implementations
including suboptimal accuracy (typically decimeter-level) and discontinuous observations under dynamic small-scale water conditions.
Methods
2
We present a real-time centimeter-level GNSS-R water surface altimetry method employing a top-bottom dual-antenna geometry based on relative positioning principles. By resolving baseline vectors through multi-GNSS constellation combinations (BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS)/global positioning system (GPS)/Galileo) and leveraging the geometric relationship between the receiver antennas and the water surface
the system achieves continuous inversion of height variations. The methodology was rigorously validated through 12-month continuous operational trials at an instrumented test site.
Results
2
The dual-antenna system achieved a 93.97% mean ambiguity resolution success rate
with altimetric performance characterized by a root mean square error of 2.39 cm and standard deviation of 2.06 cm. These metrics demonstrate the system's capability for stable long-term monitoring in small-to-medium water bodies
outperforming traditional single-antenna approaches. Multi-constellation integration (BDS/GPS/Galileo) enhanced temporal continuity by 85.1% and 209.2% relative to standalone BDS and GPS+Galileo systems respectively
while simultaneously improving altimetric precision by 17.9% and 69.5%. The combined configuration further reduces environmental dependency for equipment deployment and enhances spatiotemporal resolution in spatially constrained scenarios.
Conclusions
2
The proposed framework enables cost-effective water level monitoring through minimal adaptation of existing GNSS infrastructure. Field validation under meteorological extremes (e.g.
storm events) confirms operational robustness
positioning this technology as a viable solution for precision hydrometry in reservoirs
rivers
and lakes.
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