1.西南交通大学地球科学与工程学院,四川 成都,611756
2.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北 武汉,430079
张玉春,博士,教授,主要从事隧道及地下空间火灾防治、应急救援技术等方面的研究。zycfire@swjtu.edu.cn
高云骥,副教授,博士。gyjl19@swjtu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-01-08,
纸质出版:2025-06-05
移动端阅览
张玉春,叶子群,高云骥,等.森林火灾燃烧蔓延预测模型及预报平台研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(6):1137-1149.
ZHANG Yuchun,YE Ziqun,GAO Yunji,et al.Forest Fire Burning Spread Prediction Model and Forecasting Platform[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(6):1137-1149.
张玉春,叶子群,高云骥,等.森林火灾燃烧蔓延预测模型及预报平台研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(6):1137-1149. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20250016
ZHANG Yuchun,YE Ziqun,GAO Yunji,et al.Forest Fire Burning Spread Prediction Model and Forecasting Platform[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(6):1137-1149. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20250016
森林火灾燃烧蔓延是一个复杂多变的过程,极易受到地形、气象、可燃物以及人为活动的影响,因此森林火灾燃烧蔓延预测在林火应急救援工作中具有重要意义。以Rothermel 模型和 Van Wagner 树冠火临界引燃模型为核心计算模型,以惠更斯原理为核心计算原理,确定了森林火灾燃烧蔓延预测的计算流程,设计开发了森林火灾燃烧蔓延预报平台,实现了情景数据动态输入、火灾范围蔓延和火场关键信息实时预测等功能。以真实森林火灾数据为例,依托森林火灾燃烧蔓延预报平台,利用森林火灾燃烧蔓延预测模型,对区域内风场变化和火灾蔓延过程分别进行模拟预测。结合对风场的模拟结果,分析了地形与风向对实际风场变化的影响;通过调用较高精度火场范围和气象数据迭代优化火灾蔓延的模拟预测结果,降低了蔓延模拟与实际森林火灾燃烧面积的误差,验证了蔓延预测模型和平台功能的可行性和有效性。该预报平台可有效提高中国森林火灾防控能力,为森林火灾应急救援提供决策支持,为森林生态健康可持续发展提供有力保障。
Objectives
2
The spread of forest fires is a complex and variable process
and the direction and speed of its spread are highly susceptible to the influence of terrain
weather
combustible materials and human activities. Therefore
it is of great significance to improve the real-time accuracy of forest fire burning and spreading in forest fire emergency rescue work.
Methods
2
Based on the research of existing fire spread prediction and system
this paper selected Rothermel model and Van Wagner canopy fire critical ignition model as the core calculation model
chose Huygens principle as the core calculation principle
determined the calculation process of forest fire burn spread prediction
and designed and developed a forest fire burn spread prediction platform. The function of dynamic input of scene data
spread of fire range and real-time prediction of key information of fire site was realized. This paper took real forest fire data as an example
relied on the forest fire burning and spreading prediction platform
which used the forest fire burning and spreading prediction model
simulated and predicted the regional wind field changes and the fire spreading process respectively. Meanwhile iteratively optimized the simulation and prediction results of fire spreading by invoking high-precision remote sensing satellite dynamic scenario data. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model and the function of the platform were verified.
Results
2
The influence of slope and wind direction effect on wind field was analyzed by simulating the wind field in the region. It was found that the wind speed and direction changed little in the open plain area on both sides of the river
the wind speed of the upslope wind was lower
and the wind speed of the downslope wind was higher. At the same time
due to the influence of wind direction and terrain
the wind speed in the valley plain region was higher than that in the broad plain region when the trend was parallel to the wind direction
and it was also higher than when the trend in the valley plain region was not parallel to the wind direction. Through the simulation of the forest fire spread process and scope
it was found that the similarity between the fire spread prediction and the actual fire area had significantly improved
especially as the secondary simulation results were more similar. This verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the forest fire spread prediction model and prediction platform.
Conclusions
2
The forecast platform overcame the limitations of static input and output in the traditional forest fire simulation system
combining scene data to enhance the accuracy of spread prediction. It met the actual needs of fire rescue and provided a robust decision-making support for forest fire prevention emergency command and rescue deployment.
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