1.兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,甘肃 兰州,730070
2.山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院,山东 青岛,266590
3.长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西 西安,710054
金鑫,博士,副教授,研究方向为垂线偏差测量。xinjin@lzjtu.edu.cn
郭金运,博士,教授。guojy@sdust.edu.cn
收稿:2025-03-25,
纸质出版:2026-05-05
移动端阅览
金鑫,郭金运,李振洪.垂线偏差测量方法现状与展望[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(5):888-903.
JIN Xin,GUO Jinyun,LI Zhenhong.Current Status and Prospects of Vertical Deflection Measurement Methods[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(5):888-903.
金鑫,郭金运,李振洪.垂线偏差测量方法现状与展望[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(5):888-903. DOI:,10.13203/j.whugis20240504
JIN Xin,GUO Jinyun,LI Zhenhong.Current Status and Prospects of Vertical Deflection Measurement Methods[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(5):888-903. DOI:,10.13203/j.whugis20240504
垂线偏差是描述地球形态和重力场特征的核心参数,在大地测量、地球物理、地质灾害监测以及海洋科学等领域具有重要意义。系统梳理了当前垂线偏差测量的主要方法,包括天文大地测量法、全球导航卫星系统水准测量法、重力测量法、重力场球谐系数解算法和卫星测高法等,分析了各方法的优缺点及适用性。针对现有方法在复杂天气条件下的局限性,特别是全天候条件下的高精度测量需求,重点探讨了全天候垂线偏差测量方法的发展潜力。结合仪器设备的进步和数据处理技术的发展,展望了垂线偏差测量未来的发展趋势,指出天文大地测量设备的小型化与商业化、全天候垂线偏差测量方法的应用以及海洋垂线偏差实测方法的突破将是未来研究的重点方向。通过设备创新、技术融合和多领域应用拓展,垂线偏差测量技术将在服务地球科学研究与实际工程需求中发挥更大的作用。
Vertical deflection is a core parameter for describing the Earth's shape and gravity field characteristics
holding significant importance in geodesy
geophysics
geological hazard monitoring
and marine sciences. A systematic review of the main methods for measuring vertical deflection is presented
including astronomical geodetic methods
global navigation satellite system (GNSS) leveling gravimetric methods
spherical harmonic solutions of the gravity field
and satellite altimetry inversion. The advantages
disadvantages
and applicability of each method are analyzed. Among these
direct measurement methods
such as astronomical geodesy
integrated GNSS with charge coupled device (CCD) technology
and GNSS measurements
can achieve high-precision vertical deflection measurements due to their real-time data acquisition capabilities
but they are limited by environmental conditions and equipment performance. On the other hand
indirect measurement methods
such as gravimetric methods
spherical harmonic solutions of the gravity field
and satellite altimetry
use existing data for calculations
offering higher computational efficiency
but their accuracy depends on high-precision
high-resolution gravity field models or the quality of input data. In general
astronomical geodetic methods (integrated GNSS with total stations for vertical deflection measurements
and integrated GNSS with CCD for vertical deflection measurements) are the primary approaches for directly measuring high-precision vertical deflections and are suitable for high-precision requirements in static environments. GNSS leveling gravimetric methods have been widely applied in ground measurements and regional mapping
but their application is challenging in complex terrain conditions. Spherical harmonic solutions of the gravity field and satellite altimetry methods
with their broad coverage advantages
play a key role in marine vertical deflection measurement and global gravity field research. However
each method has certain limitations
and the need for all-weather
high-precision
automated vertical deflection measurements remains a pressing challenge. Due to the limitations of existing methods under complex weather conditions and the increasing demand for all-weather
high-precision measurements
the development potential of all-weather vertical deflection measurement methods is emphasized. A novel all-weather vertical deflection measurement method integrating GNSS with three-dimensional laser tracking technology is introduced. Advances in instrumentation and data processing technologies indicate future development trends in vertical deflection measurement
including the miniaturization and commercialization of astronomical geodetic equipment
the application of all-weather measurement methods
and breakthroughs in marine vertical deflection techniques. Through advances in equipment innovation
technological integration
and cross-disciplinary applications
vertical deflection measurement technology is expected to play an increasingly important role in supporting Earth science research and engineering applications.
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