1.武汉大学测绘学院,湖北 武汉,430079
2.地球空间环境与大地测量教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉,430079
3.自然资源部地球物理大地测量重点实验室,湖北 武汉,430079
蔡剑锋,博士生,主要从事大地测量学与地球动力学研究。jianfengcai@whu.edu.cn
温扬茂,博士,教授。ymwen@sgg.whu.edu.cn
收稿:2024-05-04,
纸质出版:2026-02-05
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蔡剑锋,温扬茂,郭倩,等.西南天山造山带现今地壳构造变形有限元模拟[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(2):316-326.
CAI Jianfeng,WEN Yangmao,GUO Qian,et al.Finite Element Simulation of Present Tectonic Deformation of the Crust in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(2):316-326.
蔡剑锋,温扬茂,郭倩,等.西南天山造山带现今地壳构造变形有限元模拟[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2026,51(2):316-326. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240043
CAI Jianfeng,WEN Yangmao,GUO Qian,et al.Finite Element Simulation of Present Tectonic Deformation of the Crust in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2026,51(2):316-326. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20240043
作为世界上最年轻的复活型内陆造山带,天山现今构造变形复杂剧烈,地震活动频繁,是研究内陆造山过程及其动力学机理的天然实验
室。以GPS观测的地壳水平运动速率为约束,充分考虑区域内主要活动断裂,结合岩石圈分层结构参数,建立了西南天山及其相邻区域的三维弹性‑粘弹性有限元模型,模拟计算了研究区域内的地表形变场、区域主应变率、主要活动断层的应力积累速率及库仑应力变化率。结果表明,天山区域应力场以南北向挤压为主,西南天山造山带内部平均应变率为3.5×10
-8
/a;柯坪断裂、迈丹断裂和那拉提断裂均具有较大的应力积累速率,未来发生强震的可能性较高,其中柯坪断裂西段的库仑应力变化率最大,高达1.5 kPa/a。通过设置不同块体独立推挤的数值模拟实验,分析了帕米尔高原和塔里木盆地在西南天山构造演化中所扮演的角色:在帕米尔高原与塔里木盆地交界以东,天山区域主要受到塔里木盆地推挤与帕米尔高原向东挤出的共同作用;而在交界以西,主要受到帕米尔高原的北向推挤作用,塔里木盆地作用有限。模拟结果定量地给出了天山主要断裂的应力积累模式,揭示了西南天山汇聚变形可能的动力学机制,为该地区未来地震危险性评估提供了有力支撑。
Objectives
2
As the youngest intra-land Cenozoic resurrected orogenic belt
the Tianshan region exhibits intricate tectonic deformation and frequent seismic activities
rendering it as a natural laboratory for investigating continental dynamics. Since the Cenozoic
the tectonic deformation of the Tianshan region has been closely associated with the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates and the subsequent compressional processes. However
how the compressive stresses generated at the plate boundary are transmitted to the Tianshan remains controversial
and the specific roles played by the Pamir Plateau and the Tarim Basin in the deformation of the Tianshan region have yet to be clearly elucidated. Numerical simulations are arrived out to obtain stress accumulation patterns of major faults in the Tianshan region. By conducting numerical simulation experiments with individually loaded blocks
we aim to analyze the respective roles of the Pamir Plateau and the Tarim Basin in the tectonic evolution of the Southwest Tianshan.
Methods
2
We construct a three‑dimensional elastic‑viscoelastic finite element model of the Southwest Tianshan by incorporating GPS observations as a constraint and considering the prominent active faults and layered lithospheric structure. Based on the finite element model
we simulate the crustal deformation field
the principal strain rate within the region
as well as stress accumulation rates of major active faults and their corresponding Coulomb stress change rates.
Results
2
The simulated crustal deformation field shows good agreement with GPS observations
with the root mean square error of 1.5 mm/a for the east‑west component and 3.2 mm/a for the north‑south component. Overall
deformation of the study region is dominated by north‑south shortening
with the largest deformation occurring in the Pamir Plateau
reaching approximately 20 mm/a. Deformation within the Tianshan region gradually decreases from south to north and is ultimately reduced to 2⁃5 mm/a due to the mechanical impediment of the Northern Kazakh Platform and the Junggar Basin. The simulation results indicate that the stress field in the Tianshan orogenic belt is dominated by the principal compressive stress in north‑south direction
and the average strain rate inside the Southwest Tianshan orogenic belt is 3.5×10
-8
/a. The Keping
Maidan
and Nalati faults exhibit high rates of stress accumulation
indicating a significant likelihood of future strong earthquakes. Notably
the western section of the Keping fault demonstrates the most rapid increase in Coulomb stress
reaching up to 1.5 kPa/a. The results of individually thrusting experiments reveal that the tectonic deformation of the Tianshan region to the east of the junction between the Tarim Basin and the Pamir Plateau is primarily influenced by a combined extrusion force exerted by these two blocks. The Tianshan orogenic belt to the west of the junction is predominantly influenced by the extrusion of the Pamir Plateau
while the Tarim Basin plays a limited role.
Conclusions
2
Through numerical simulations
we quantitatively derive the stress accumulation patterns of the major faults in the Tianshan region and reveal the potential dynamic mechanism underlying convergent deformation in the Southwest Tianshan. It can provide robust support for future seismic risk assessment of this area.
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