1.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北 武汉,430079
2.云南省地图院,云南 昆明,650034
3.长江水利委员会网络与信息中心,湖北 武汉,430010
姜宇荣,硕士,主要研究方向为地理信息系统。juineo@whu.edu.cn
蔡忠亮,博士,教授。zlcai@whu.edu.cn
收稿:2023-05-20,
纸质出版:2025-07-05
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姜宇荣,高苏,蔡忠亮,等.考虑重合字符位次差异的地名相似性度量方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(7):1425-1434.
JIANG Yurong,GAO Su,CAI Zhongliang,et al.A Toponym Similarity Measure Method Based on Positional Differences of Overlapping Characters[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(7):1425-1434.
姜宇荣,高苏,蔡忠亮,等.考虑重合字符位次差异的地名相似性度量方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2025,50(7):1425-1434. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20230066
JIANG Yurong,GAO Su,CAI Zhongliang,et al.A Toponym Similarity Measure Method Based on Positional Differences of Overlapping Characters[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2025,50(7):1425-1434. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20230066
当前中文地名匹配常见的相似性度量或是只考虑重合字符的数量未考虑位次性,或是体现位次性但未考虑重合字符。通过考虑两个中文地名字符串的重合字符对应关系及其位次差距,构建了一种新的距离度量和相似性度量,能够结合重合字符和位次性两个因素计算两个地名的偏距和偏距相似度。针对重合字符复现的情形确定偏距最小原则,设计全体顺次匹配方案;针对字符片段偏移的情形调整距离度量,从而更符合两个地名相似性的直观认知。该距离度量满足正定性和对称性,但不满足三角不等式。与Jaccard系数和编辑距离相似度的测试对比结果表明,所提偏距算法对相似度刻画更为细致,能够检测到重合字符位次差异但更重视未重合字符的差异;在地名匹配实验中匹配正确率和运行时间分别为63.64%和2 940.56 s,两项指标均优于Jaccard系数和编辑距离相似度。
Objectives
2
Due to the existence of toponym aliases or negligence in data production
the same geographic entity possibly has different names in maps of different scales which may contain spelling errors or not match the standard toponym. It brings many inconveniences to multi-scale map visualization and geospatial entity extraction. Therefore
it is necessary to study toponym similarity measure to achieve toponym matching. However
the commonly used similarity measures for Chinese toponym matching currently either only consider the number of overlapping characters without considering character position
or only reflect positional feature. Therefore
our objective is to construct a new similarity measure that can simultaneously reflect both features.
Methods
2
By calculating the positional differences between overlapping characters in two Chinese toponyms
we define a total matching offset representing the degree of positional difference of the overlapping character set. Considering that the impact of non-overlapping characters on the similarity of two toponyms should be greater than that of overlapping characters
we define a total non-matching offset. Then
we define the total offset and offset similarity. For the complex case of overlapping character repetition
we determine the minimum offset principle and design an entire sequential matching scheme. For the complex case of character fragment offset
the sum of offsets for each character in the fragment is replaced by the overall offset of the fragment
making the offset value more reasonable. The total offset satisfies positive definiteness and symmetry
but does not satisfy the triangle inequality
and it is more appropriate to use offset similarity to express toponym similarity.
Results
2
Compared with Jaccard similarity and Levenshtein similarity
the results show that the offset similarity can characterize toponym similarity more finely. It attaches greater importance to character differences
and the similarity decreases significantly when the proportion of overlapping characters decreases. It attaches less importance to pure positional differences
but they can also be reflected in slight differences in similarity values. In the toponym matching experiment
the matching accuracy and running time are 63.64% and 2 940.56 s
both of which are better than the Jaccard similarity and Levenshtein similarity.
Conclusions
2
The offset similarity has significant advantages in the toponym matching scenario. But like other string similarity measures
it is difficult to understand semantics. Further optimization can be explored in terms of algorithmic solutions for handling complex cases
applicability to other languages
and consideration of the semantic structure of toponyms.
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