上海科创职业技术学院智能制造学院
葛根波,讲师,生于1984年,2008年毕业于天津工程师范学院自动化专业,现从事电气自动化研究及教学工作。地址:(201600)上海市松江区。电话:(021)57720041。email:306720792@qq.com。
吴陈陈,讲师。email:leoricer@foxmail.com。
收稿:2026-01-03,
修回:2026-04-08,
录用:2026-05-17,
纸质出版:2026-09-25
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葛根波,吴陈陈,吴任涛,等.基于空间感知与改进RLG-YOLO12的石油管道焊接实时监测系统[J].石油机械,2026,54(9):145-154.
Ge Genbo,Wu Chenchen,Wu Rentao,et al.Real-time monitoring system for petroleum pipeline welding based on spatial perception and improved RLG-YOLO12[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(9):145-154.
葛根波,吴陈陈,吴任涛,等.基于空间感知与改进RLG-YOLO12的石油管道焊接实时监测系统[J].石油机械,2026,54(9):145-154. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202601004.
Ge Genbo,Wu Chenchen,Wu Rentao,et al.Real-time monitoring system for petroleum pipeline welding based on spatial perception and improved RLG-YOLO12[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(9):145-154. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202601004.
石油管道的焊接质量直接决定管道运行安全性与使用寿命。针对焊接质量评判中存在的缺陷形态多样、尺度微小且易受现场光照变化与弧光干扰的问题,提出一种基于空间感知与改进RLG-YOLO12的石油管道焊接实时监测系统。在模型算法上融合RGB图像和深度图像构建RGB-D多模态数据,增强对焊缝三维形貌与表面缺陷的空间感知能力;引入LAE轻量级自适应注意力机制,强化模型在特征提取过程中细节信息的保留与融合,提升对微小及深层缺陷的检测精度;采用Ghost Module替代传统卷积结构,显著降低计算复杂度并提升推理速度;在硬件设备上集成多传感器进行数据分析,实现焊接过程的多维监控,预防出现对焊接不利的环境因素。同时,为创造石油管道的实时焊接场景,设计对应该系统功能的硬件设备,以供获取到焊接过程中的实时焊缝数据。试验结果表明:模型在自建数据集上的
R
mAP@50
为93.2%(提升了5.07%),
R
mAP@50∶95
为76.8%(提升了4.92%),计算量为16.6 GFLOPs(降低了22.43%)。在平台实际测试中,系统对500个石油管道样本的检测准确率达98.4%,对严重缺陷可在100 ms内实现急停响应,验证了其在复杂工业场景下的稳定性与实用价值,体现了良好的工程实用性。研究结果可为焊接质量实时监测及工艺优化提供有效的智能化解决方案。
Welding quality directly determines operational safety and service life of petroleum pipelines. Welding quality evaluation is challenged by diverse morphologies and small scales of defects, and also susceptible to interferences from on-site illumination changes and arc light. This paper presents a
real-time monitoring system for petroleum pipeline welding based on spatial perception and improved RLG-YOLO12. In terms of the model algorithm, RGB images and depth images are fused to construct RGB-D multimodal data to enhance the spatial perception ability for the three-dimensional weld morphology and surface defects; the LAE lightweight adaptive attention mechanism is introduced to strengthen the retention and fusion of detailed information during feature extraction and improve the detection accuracy of tiny and deep defects; and the Ghost Module is used to replace the traditional convolution architecture, thereby significantly reducing the computational complexity and improving the inference speed. In terms of hardware, multiple sensors are integrated for data analysis to realize multi-dimensional monitoring of the welding process and prevent environmental factors unfavorable to welding. Meanwhile, to create a real-time welding scenario for petroleum pipelines, hardware equipment corresponding to the system functions was designed to acquire real-time weld data during welding. The test results show that, on the self-built dataset, the model yields the
R
mAP@50
of 93.2% (an increase of 5.07%), the
R
mAP@50∶95
of 76.8% (an increase of 4.92%), and the computational cost of 16.6 GFLOPs (a decrease of 22.43%). In the actual platform test, the system achieves an accuracy up to 98.4% in the detection on 500 petroleum pipeline samples, and realizes an emergency stop response to serious defects within 100 ms, verifying its stability and practicability in complex industrial scenarios and demonstrating a promising engineering prospect. The research provides an effective intelligent solution for real-time monitoring of welding quality and process optimization.
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