1.中石油江汉机械研究所有限公司
2.长江大学机械工程学院
3.青海油田井下工程技术公司工程技术中心
4.中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司
付悦,高级工程师,生于1986年,2013年毕业于长江大学机械设计及理论专业,获硕士学位,现从事连续管井下工具及工艺研究工作。地址:(430000) 湖北省武汉市。电话:(027)83567933。email:fuyuedr@cnpc.com.cn。
王明。email:2219460235@qq.com。
收稿:2025-07-22,
修回:2026-07-25,
录用:2026-01-04,
纸质出版:2026-10-25
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付悦,王明,李峰涛,等.直旋混合射流喷嘴的射流特性及破岩效果研究[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):29-37.
Fu Yue,Wang Ming,Li Fengtao,et al.Jet characteristics and rock-breaking effect of the straight-swirling mixed jet nozzle[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):29-37.
付悦,王明,李峰涛,等.直旋混合射流喷嘴的射流特性及破岩效果研究[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):29-37. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202507072.
Fu Yue,Wang Ming,Li Fengtao,et al.Jet characteristics and rock-breaking effect of the straight-swirling mixed jet nozzle[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):29-37. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202507072.
自进式喷嘴是决定径向喷射钻井效果的核心元件,其结构参数和射流形式是影响破岩效果、导致其破岩性能达不到现场作业要求的主要原因。为了深入掌握直旋混合射流的形成机制及喷嘴结构参数对射流结构的影响,基于直旋混合射流的中心射流速度大、外围剪切速度大的优势,建立了直旋混合射流喷嘴的三维仿真模型,采用数值仿真技术和试验方法揭示直旋混合射流的形成过程,研究中心孔孔径对直旋混合射流特性的影响及3种喷嘴(直射流喷嘴、旋转射流喷嘴和直旋混合射流喷嘴)的破岩效果。研究结果表明:直旋混合射流具有较好的冲击破岩效果和剪切破岩效果,该射流的形成经历了高压射流分离为中心高速射流和外围旋流、中心高速直射流和旋流的混合及束窄增强3个阶段;随中心孔孔径增大,中心低速区逐渐减小,当中心孔孔径达到1.8 mm,中心低速区基本消失,可解决旋转射流孔底中心凸台问题;射流压力越大,射流扩散角越小,但是射流能量随靶距增大能耗损失越大;随射流压力增大,可提高射流有效靶距及破岩效果,但是卷吸效应增强,射流能量转化率变低;与直射流喷嘴相比,直旋混合射流喷嘴的射孔孔径增大94%,旋转射流喷嘴的射孔孔径增大124%。所得结果可为高效直旋混合射流喷嘴的结构设计提供理论依据。
Self-propelled nozzle is a key component determining the effect of radial jet drilling, and its structural parameters and jet type represent the primary factors affecting rock-breaking performance and causing it to fall short of field operational requirements. To gain an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism of the straight-swirling mixed jet and the influence of nozzle structural parameters on the jet structure, a three-dimensional simulation model of the straight-swirling mixed jet nozzle was established based on its advantages of high central jet velocity and high peripheral shear velocity. Numerical simulation and experimental methods were employed to reveal the formation process of the straight-swirling mixed jet, investigate the effect of the central-hole diameter on jet characteristics, and compare the rock-breaking performance of three types of nozzles (straight jet nozzle, rotary jet nozzle, and straight-swirling mixed jet nozzle). The results show that the straight-swirling mixed jet exhibits good impact and shear rock-breaking effects, and its formation involves three stages: separation of the high-pressure jet into a central high-velocity jet and a peripheral swirling flow, mixing of the central high-velocity straight jet with the swirling flow, and narrowing enhancement. As the central-hole diameter increases, the central low-velocity region gradually diminishes. When the central-hole diameter reaches 1.8 mm, the low-velocity region essentially disappears, solving the problem of central protrusion at the bottom of hole in rotary jet drilling. Higher jet pressure leads to a smaller jet diffusion angle but a greater energy loss with increasing standoff distance. Increasing the jet pressure improves the effective standoff distance and rock-breaking effect, but the entrainment effect is enhanced and the jet energy conversion rate becomes lower. Compared with the straight jet nozzle, the perforation diameter of the straight-swirling mixed jet nozzle increases by 94%, and that of the rotary jet nozzle increases by 124%. These results provide a theoretical basis for the structural design of high-efficiency straight-swirling mixed jet nozzles.
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