1.中国石油新疆油田分公司数智技术公司
2.中国石油新疆油田分公司工程技术部
王利君,女,高级工程师,生于1987年,2013年毕业于中国石油大学(华东)控制技术与工程专业,获硕士学位,现从事油田信息化及人工智能应用研究工作。地址:(834000)新疆克拉玛依市。电话:(0990)6890627。email:wanglj_xj@petrochina.com.cn。
张德君,高级工程师。email:zhdjun@petrochina.com.cn。
收稿:2025-07-07,
修回:2026-07-19,
录用:2025-09-08,
纸质出版:2026-10-25
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王利君,张德君,李赓,等.基于定位姿态估计的修井机系统轨迹识别与工况分析[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):1-11.
Wang Lijun,Zhang Dejun,Li Geng,et al.Trajectory identification and working condition analysis of workover rig system based on pose estimation[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):1-11.
王利君,张德君,李赓,等.基于定位姿态估计的修井机系统轨迹识别与工况分析[J].石油机械,2026,54(10):1-11. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202507026.
Wang Lijun,Zhang Dejun,Li Geng,et al.Trajectory identification and working condition analysis of workover rig system based on pose estimation[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(10):1-11. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202507026.
在油气增储上产及高效开发需求驱动下,油气田修井作业现场亟须提升智能化监测水平。传统人工与半自动化作业模式下应用的计算机视觉监测技术难以实现修井机关键构件高精度实时定位,轨迹跟踪与
工况分析相互独立,大钩摆动偏移、载荷异常等安全风险难以自动辨识。针对该工程难题,提出了一套集成快速姿态估计与精细轨迹识别和工况分析的系统框架,利用基于姿态引导的非局部注意力机制改进姿态估计YOLO-Pose方法,设计全局粗定位与局部特征细化相结合的分层局部化姿态估计策略,该方法面向游车大钩结构定制5个专用关键点,并配套井口单点标注方案,同步完成井架、大钩双目标联合检测,依托关键点像素距离建立图像与真实物理空间尺度换算关系;引入姿态引导轻量化通道注意力机制,以设备实时姿态信息驱动特征权重动态分配,抑制井场遮挡、光影带来的无效噪声,实现轨迹跟踪与工况分析深度耦合;基于连续帧关键点坐标建立空间坐标转换模型,结合牛顿动力学模型求解大钩位移、速度、加速度等时序运动参数,构建大钩-井口垂向夹角量化判定准则,完成动态受力解析与摆动危险工况自动预警。研究结果表明:模型经300轮迭代训练后趋于稳定收敛,目标与关键点检测精度达99.91%、召回率100%,边界框与关键点
P
A@0.5
均为99.5%,关键点平均精度均值
P
mA@0.5:0.95
可达98.21%;现场实测可完整复现大钩起下管运动轨迹,运动参数曲线可清晰区分启停、匀速、静置等作业阶段,设定5°安全阈值能够精准识别大钩异常摆动状态。该方法可在复杂井场环境下实现修井机关键部件高精度定位、连续轨迹稳定跟踪与工况量化诊断,提前预判作业安全隐患。研究结果可为复杂井场作业提供智能化解决方案。
Driven by the demands for increased oil and gas reserves/production and efficient development, there is an urgent need to enhance the intelligent monitoring level at field workover sites. Traditional computer-vision-based monitoring techniques, mainly applied in manual and semi-automated operation modes, are unable to achieve high-precision real-time positioning of key components of workover rigs. Trajectory tracking and working condition analysis are performed independently, and safety risks such as hook swing deviation and load anomalies are difficult to identify automatically. To address this engineering challenge, a systematic framework integrating rapid pose estimation, fine trajectory identification, and working condition analysis was proposed. The YOLO-Pose method for pose estimation was improved using a pose-guided non-local attention mechanism. A hierarchical localized pose estimation strategy combining global rough positioning and local feature refinement was designed, with five keypoints customized for the block-hook assembly. In conjunction with the wellhead single-point annotation scheme, the derrick and hook were detected synchronously. Based on the pixel distance of keypoints, the conversion relationship between image scale and real physical space scale was establ
ished. A pose-guided lightweight channel attention mechanism was introduced to dynamically allocate feature weights driven by real-time equipment pose information, suppressing invalid noise caused by wellsite occlusion and lighting variations, and achieving deep coupling of trajectory tracking and working condition analysis. A spatial coordinate conversion model was constructed based on continuous-frame keypoint coordinates, and combined with the Newtonian dynamics model, the time-series kinematic parameters of hook displacement, velocity, and acceleration were solved. A quantification criterion for the vertical angle between the hook and the wellhead was defined. Ultimately, dynamic force analysis and automatic warning of dangerous swing conditions were completed. The results show that the model tends to converge stably after 300 training epochs, achieving a detection accuracy of 99.91% and a recall of 100% for targets and keypoints, with both bounding-box and keypoint
P
A@0.5
reaching 99.5%, and keypoint
P
mA@0.5:0.95
reaching 98.21%. Field measurements can fully reproduce the hook motion trajectory during pipe running and pulling, and the kinematic parameter curves can clearly reflect operational stages such as start-stop, uniform motion, and idling. A safety threshold of 5° enables accurate identification of abnormal hook swing states. This method can achieve high-precision positioning of key components of workover rig, stable tracking of continuous trajectory, and quantitative diagnosis of working condition in complex wellsite environments, providing early warning of operational safety hazards. The research offers an intelligent solution for complex wellsite operations.
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