1.中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室
2.长庆工程设计有限公司
李文彬,生于1999年,现为在读博士研究生,研究方向为高压水射流钻井技术。地址:(102249)北京市昌平区。email:734150617@qq.com。
收稿:2025-05-08,
修回:2026-03-13,
录用:2025-09-22,
纸质出版:2026-09-25
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李文彬,黄中伟,李敬彬,等.旋转磨料射流冲蚀煤岩成孔及孔周造缝特性研究[J].石油机械,2026,54(9):117-125.
Li Wenbin,Huang Zhongwei,Li Jingbin,et al.Hole-forming and fracturing characteristics around holes in coal rock eroded by swirling abrasive jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(9):117-125.
李文彬,黄中伟,李敬彬,等.旋转磨料射流冲蚀煤岩成孔及孔周造缝特性研究[J].石油机械,2026,54(9):117-125. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202505022.
Li Wenbin,Huang Zhongwei,Li Jingbin,et al.Hole-forming and fracturing characteristics around holes in coal rock eroded by swirling abrasive jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2026,54(9):117-125. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202505022.
为优化煤层气水平井水力喷射分段造穴技术,聚焦于旋转磨料射流破碎煤岩的成孔造缝特性,以期解决煤层“三低一高”特征带来的增产难题。采用正交试验法,以水泥包裹煤岩靶件模拟井下围压约束条件,在喷射压力8~14 MPa、射流喷距15~30 mm、射流时间30~120 s范围内设计16组试验,深入探究旋转磨料射流破碎煤岩的成孔造缝特征及水力参数影响规律。研究了旋转磨料射流在定点喷射与连续送进条件下破碎煤岩的成孔演化机制,分析了旋转叶轮结构与孔眼底部形态的对应关系。研究结果表明:旋转磨料射流可高效破碎煤岩,形成壁面光滑且底部具有凸起的大尺寸圆形孔眼,最大孔径达45.54 mm,最大孔深达92.33 mm,并在孔周形成1~3条次生裂缝;旋转磨料射流通过激活煤岩内部弱面,在水楔作用下实现煤岩大块剥离与体积破碎,剥离煤岩沿弱面发生层裂或崩裂并被射流持续破碎带出孔眼;射流压力对孔深和孔径的影响最为显著,增大射流压力可提升射流破煤岩成孔能力,喷距超过25 mm时孔深明显减小,射流喷距建议控制在20~25 mm,射流时间不短于60 s。相关成果可为煤层气水平井水力喷射分段造穴技术的应用提供理论参考和参数优化依据,有望推动煤层气高效开发技术的创新与发展。
In China, coal seams are generally characterized by low gas saturation, low permeability, low reservoir pressure, and high coal rank, which bring challenges to achieving additional coalbed methane (CBM) production. It is necessary to optimize the hydraulic jetting staged cavitation technology for CBM horizontal wells, and to especially understand the hole-forming and fracturing characteristics during coal rock breaking by swirling abrasive jet. Using the orthogonal test method, coal rock targets were cement-encapsulated to simulate downhole confining pressure constraints, and 16 groups of tests were designed with the jet pressure of 8-14 MPa, standoff distance of 15-30 mm, and jet time of 30-120 s, to thoroughly investigate the hole-forming and fracturing characteristics during coal rock breaking by swirling abrasive jet, as well as the influences of hydraulic parameters. The hole-forming evolution mechanisms during coal rock breaking by swirling abrasive jet under fixed-point jetting and continuous feeding conditions were analyzed, and the correlation between the structure of the swirling impeller and the bottom morphology of the hole was clarified. The results show that the swirling abrasive jet can efficiently break coal rock, forming large-diameter circular holes with smooth walls and raised bottoms, with the maximum hole diameter of 45.54 mm and maximum hole depth of 92.33 mm, and creating 1-3 secondary fractures around the holes. The swirling abrasive jet activates the internal weak planes of the coal rock to trigger large-block spalling and volumetric breaking under the water wedge effect. The spalls undergo exfoliation or flaking along the weak planes, and are continuously broken and taken out of the hole by the jet. The jet pressure has the most significant influence on the hole depth and diameter, and increasing the jet pressure can improve the hole-forming ability of the jet in coal rock breaking. When the standoff distance exceeds 25 mm, the hole depth decreases significantly. The standoff distance is recommended to be controlled at 20-25 mm and the jet time to be no less than 60 s. The research findings provide theoretical reference and parameter optimization basis for the application of hydraulic jetting staged cavitation technology in CBM horizontal wells, hopefully promoting the innovation and development of efficient CBM exploitation technology.
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