1.中石化石油工程技术服务股份有限公司
2.中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室
3.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院
高峰,生于1972年,高级工程师,1994年毕业于西南石油学院,现从事石油工程物资装备管理工作。地址:(100020)北京市朝阳区。email:gaof.os@sinopec.com。
史怀忠,研究员。email:shz@cup.edu.cn。
收稿:2025-01-01,
修回:2025-04-25,
纸质出版:2025-10-10
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高峰,史怀忠,黄中伟,等.基于黏聚力单元的PDC钻头冲击破碎硬岩数值模拟[J].石油机械,2025,53(10):109-114.
Gao Feng,Shi Huaizhong,Huang Zhongwei,et al.Numerical simulation on impact crushing of hard rock by PDC bit based on cohesive element[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2025,53(10):109-114.
高峰,史怀忠,黄中伟,等.基于黏聚力单元的PDC钻头冲击破碎硬岩数值模拟[J].石油机械,2025,53(10):109-114. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202501001.
Gao Feng,Shi Huaizhong,Huang Zhongwei,et al.Numerical simulation on impact crushing of hard rock by PDC bit based on cohesive element[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2025,53(10):109-114. DOI: 10.12473/CPM.202501001.
地下深部油气储层岩石硬度较大,常规钻井方式下PDC钻头的钻进效率较低。冲击钻井对硬岩的破碎效果表现较好,但冲击作用下PDC钻头破碎硬岩的损伤机理尚不清楚。为此,基于黏聚力单元建立了PDC钻头冲击破岩数值模型,设置了常用的模型参数,模拟分析了冲击作用下岩石的裂纹演化及应力分布特征,并定量提取岩石损伤数据进行研究。研究结果发现,PDC钻头轴向冲击破岩表现出明显的阶段性,初期形成多个独立破坏区域,随着冲击能量积累最终融合形成网状损伤区,可进一步提高破岩效率。此过程中应力主要集中于齿下并呈圆弧状向外传播;不同轴向冲击频率对岩石损伤模式产生显著影响,低频冲击(10和20 Hz)导致更高的拉伸损伤占比,并促进裂纹体积增长,最终形成更深远的破坏;高频冲击(30和40 Hz)尽管初期裂纹增长较快,但受应力波衰减影响,裂纹扩展受限,甚至可能出现裂纹闭合现象。最终发现,20 Hz冲击频率下的拉伸损伤占比最高,表明该频率下破岩模式最优。研究成果可为PDC钻头冲击破岩参数优化提供借鉴。
The rock of deep oil and gas reservoir has high hardness, and the drilling efficiency of PDC bit is low under conventional drilling mode. Impact drilling performs well in crushing hard rock, but the damage mechanism of PDC bit crushing hard rock under impact is still unclear. To address this issue, a numerical model for impact rock breaking of PDC bit was established based on cohesive element, common model parameters were set, the crack evolution and stress distribution characteristics of rock under impact were simulated and analyzed, and rock damage data were quantitatively extracted for research. The research results show that the axial impact rock breaking of PDC bit exhibits obvious stage nature. Initially, multiple independent damage zones are formed, which eventually merge into a networked damage area with the accumulation of impact energy, thereby further enhancing rock breaking efficiency. During this process, the stress is mainly concentrated beneath the cutter and propagates outward in an arc shape. Different axial impact frequencies have a significant influence on the rock damage mode: low-frequency impact (10 and 20 Hz) leads to a higher proportion of tensile damage, promotes the growth of crack volume, and ultimately forms more extensive destruction; high-frequency impact (30 and 40 Hz) leads to a faster growth of initial crack, but affected by stress wave attenuation, crack propagation is constrained, and even crack closure may occur. It is ultimately found that the 20 Hz impact frequency yields the highest proportion of tensile damage, indicating that this frequency corresponds to the optimal rock breaking mode. The research results provide reference for the optimization of impact rock breaking parameters of PDC bit.
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