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Xue Zhen Xiao,Rongdong Li,Chengwei Xu,Siqi Liang,Meng Yang,Haili Zhong,Xiyan Huang,Jingjing Ma,Qiuyou Xie.Closed-loop transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for the improvement of upper extremity motor function in stroke patients: a study protocol[J].Frontiers in Neurology,2024.

Huang Yan,Dong Shuan,Li Xiangyun,Shi Jia,Zhang Yuan,Liu Shasha,Zhang Ye,Yu Jianbo.VNS-mediated α7nAChR signaling promotes SPM synthesis via regulation of netrin-1 expression during LPS-induced ALI.[J].FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology,2024.

Wang Likai,Gao Fei,Dai Yongli,Wang Zhan,Liang Feng,Wu Jingyi,Wang Mengchun,Wang Litong.Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on upper limb motor function with stroke: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy pilot study[J].Frontiers in Neuroscience,2023.

Wang Likai,Gao Fei,Wang Zhan,Liang Feng,Dai Yongli,Wang Mengchun,Wu Jingyi,Chen Yaning,Yan Qinjie,Wang Litong.Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of disorders of consciousness: mechanisms and applications[J].Frontiers in Neuroscience,2023.

Badran Bashar W,Peng Xiaolong,BakerVogel Brenna,Hutchison Scott,Finetto Patricia,Rishe Kelly,Fortune Andrew,Kitchens Ellen,O'Leary Georgia H,Short Abigail,Finetto Christian,Woodbury Michelle L,Kautz Steve.Motor Activated Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Potential Neuromodulation Approach for Post-Stroke Motor Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study.[J].Neurorehabilitation and neural repair,2023.

Shi Xiaolong,Zhao Jingjun,Xu Shutian,Ren Meng,Wu Yuwei,Chen Xixi,Zhou Zhiqing,Chen Songmei,Huang Yu,Li Yuanli,Shan Chunlei.Clinical Research Progress of the Post-Stroke Upper Limb Motor Function Improvement via Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation.[J].Neural plasticity,2023.

Yu Yutian,Ling Jing,Yu Lingling,Liu Pengfei,Jiang Min.Closed-Loop Transcutaneous Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation: Current Situation and Future Possibilities[J].Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2022.

Feigin Valery L,Brainin Michael,Norrving Bo,Martins Sheila,Sacco Ralph L,Hacke Werner,Fisher Marc,Pandian Jeyaraj,Lindsay Patrice.World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022[J].International Journal of Stroke,2022.

Chang Johanna L.,Coggins Ashley N.,Saul Maira,Paget Blanc Alexandra,Straka Malgorzata,Wright Jason,Datta Chaudhuri Timir,Zanos Stavros,Volpe Bruce T..Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tAVNS) Delivered During Upper Limb Interactive Robotic Training Demonstrates Novel Antagonist Control for Reaching Movements Following Stroke[J].Frontiers in Neuroscience,2021.

Dawson Jesse,Liu Charles Y,Francisco Gerard E,Cramer Steven C,Wolf Steven L,Dixit Anand,Alexander Jen,Ali Rushna,Brown Benjamin L,Feng Wuwei,DeMark Louis,Hochberg Leigh R,Kautz Steven A,Majid Arshad,O'Dell Michael W,Pierce David,Prudente Cecília N,Redgrave Jessica,Turner Duncan L,Engineer Navzer D,Kimberley Teresa J.Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial[J].The Lancet,2021.

Farmer Adam D.,Strzelczyk Adam,Finisguerra Alessandra,Gourine Alexander V.,Gharabaghi Alireza,Hasan Alkomiet,Burger Andreas M.,Jaramillo Andrés M.,Mertens Ann,Majid Arshad,Verkuil Bart,Badran Bashar W.,Ventura Bort Carlos,Gaul Charly,Beste Christian,Warren Christopher M.,Quintana Daniel S.,Hämmerer Dorothea,Freri Elena,Frangos Eleni,Tobaldini Eleonora,Kaniusas Eugenijus,Rosenow Felix,Capone Fioravante,Panetsos Fivos,Ackland Gareth L.,Kaithwas Gaurav,O'Leary Georgia H.,Genheimer Hannah,Jacobs Heidi I. L.,Van Diest Ilse,Schoenen Jean,Redgrave Jessica,Fang Jiliang,Deuchars Jim,Széles Jozsef C.,Thayer Julian F.,More Kaushik,Vonck Kristl,Steenbergen Laura,Vianna Lauro C.,McTeague Lisa M.,Ludwig Mareike,Veldhuizen Maria G.,De Couck Marijke,Casazza Marina,Keute Marius,Bikson Marom,Andreatta Marta,D'Agostini Martina,Weymar Mathias,Betts Matthew,Prigge Matthias,Kaess Michael,Roden Michael,Thai Michelle,Schuster Nathaniel M.,Montano Nicola,Hansen Niels,Kroemer Nils B.,Rong Peijing,Fischer Rico,Howland Robert H.,Sclocco Roberta,Sellaro Roberta,Garcia Ronald G.,Bauer Sebastian,Gancheva Sofiya,Stavrakis Stavros,Kampusch Stefan,Deuchars Susan A.,Wehner Sven,Laborde Sylvain,Usichenko Taras,Polak Thomas,Zaehle Tino,Borges Uirassu,Teckentrup Vanessa,Jandackova Vera K.,Napadow Vitaly,Koenig Julian.International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020)[J].Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,2021.

Sun Jin-Bo,Tian Qian-Qian,Yang Xue-Juan,Deng Hui,Li Nan,Meng Ling-Xia,Zhao Zi-Xuan,Zhu Yuan-Qiang,Xi Yi-Bin,Yang Qun,Qin Wei.Synergistic effects of simultaneous transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on the brain responses[J].Brain Stimulation,2021.

Dandong Wu,Jingxi Ma,Liping Zhang,Sanrong Wang,Botao Tan,Gongwei Jia,Marco Sandrini.Effect and Safety of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Recovery of Upper Limb Motor Function in Subacute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study.[J].Neural plasticity,2020.

Jiani Li,Keming Zhang,Qinbin Zhang,Xueling Zhou,Lan Wen,Jingxi Ma,Lingchuan Niu,Changqing Li,Luca Cucullo.PPAR- γ Mediates Ta-VNS-Induced Angiogenesis and Subsequent Functional Recovery after Experimental Stroke in Rats.[J ] .BioMed research international,2020.

The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK.,The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK.,Institute of Applied Clinical Sciences, University of Keele, Keele, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent, UK.,The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK..The anatomical basis for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.[J].Journal of anatomy,2020.

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,electroCore Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, United States of America.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany..Vagus nerve stimulation reduces spreading depolarization burden and cortical infarct volume in a rat model of stroke.[J].PloS one,2020.

The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America,The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road, GR41, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America,The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America.Norepinephrine and serotonin are required for vagus nerve stimulation directed cortical plasticity[J].Experimental Neurology,2019.

E.P. Buell,K.W. Loerwald,C.T. Engineer,M.S. Borland,J.M. Buell,C.A. Kelly,I.I. Khan,S.A. Hays,M.P. Kilgard.Cortical map plasticity as a function of vagus nerve stimulation rate[J].Brain Stimulation,2018.

Zhao Xiao-Ping,Zhao Yuan,Qin Xiao-Ya,Wan Li-Yuan,Fan Xiao-Xuan.Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Promotes Microglial M2 Polarization Via Interleukin-17A Inhibition.[J].Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN,2018.

The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, Richardson, TX, USA. Electronic address: robert.morrison@utdallas.edu.,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, Richardson, TX, USA.,The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, Richardson, TX, USA.,The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, Richardson, TX, USA.,The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, Richardson, TX, USA.,The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, Richardson, TX, USA,The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, Richardson, TX, USA..Vagus nerve stimulation intensity influences motor cortex plasticity[J].Brain Stimulation,2018.

From the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Health Professions, Boston (T.J.K.).,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (T.J.K., C.N.P., D.K.K.).,MicroTransponder, Inc, Austin, TX (D.P., C.N.P., B.T., N.D.E.).,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (T.J.K., C.N.P., D.K.K.).,MicroTransponder, Inc, Austin, TX (D.P., C.N.P., B.T., N.D.E.).,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School (G.E.F., N.Y.).,The NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann (G.E.F., N.Y.).,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School (G.E.F., N.Y.).,The NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann (G.E.F., N.Y.).,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.S., J.G.W.).,MicroTransponder, Inc, Austin, TX (D.P., C.N.P., B.T., N.D.E.).,MicroTransponder, Inc, Austin, TX (D.P., C.N.P., B.T., N.D.E.).,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (D.A.D., J.D.).,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (T.J.K., C.N.P., D.K.K.).,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.S., J.G.W.).,Tx Biomedical Device Center at The University of Texas at Dallas (J.G.W.).,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine (S.C.C.).,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (D.A.D., J.D.)..Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Upper Limb Rehabilitation After Chronic Stroke.[J].Stroke,2018.

Yirong Yang,Lisa Y. Yang,Lilla Orban,Darnell Cuylear,Jeffrey Thompson,Bruce Simon,Yi Yang.Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation reduces blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of ischemic stroke[J].Brain Stimulation,2018.

Jessica N. Redgrave,Lucy Moore,Tosin Oyekunle,Maryam Ebrahim,Konstantinos Falidas,Nicola Snowdon,Ali Ali,Arshad Majid.Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation with Concurrent Upper Limb Repetitive Task Practice for Poststroke Motor Recovery: A Pilot Study[J].Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases,2018.

Jens P. Dreier,Coline L. Lemale,Vasilis Kola,Alon Friedman,Karl Schoknecht.Spreading depolarization is not an epiphenomenon but the principal mechanism of the cytotoxic edema in various gray matter structures of the brain during stroke[J].Neuropharmacology,2018.

Bashar W. Badran,Logan T. Dowdle,Oliver J. Mithoefer,Nicholas T. LaBate,James Coatsworth,Joshua C. Brown,William H. DeVries,Christopher W. Austelle,Lisa M. McTeague,Mark S. George.Neurophysiologic effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) via electrical stimulation of the tragus: A concurrent taVNS/fMRI study and review[J].Brain Stimulation,2018.

Li-Ru Zhao,Alison Willing.Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research[J].Progress in Neurobiology,2018.

Michael P. Kilgard,Robert L. Rennaker,Jen Alexander,Jesse Dawson.Vagus nerve stimulation paired with tactile training improved sensory function in a chronic stroke patient[J].NeuroRehabilitation,2018.

Meyers Eric C,Solorzano Bleyda R,James Justin,Ganzer Patrick D,Lai Elaine S,Rennaker Robert L,Kilgard Michael P,Hays Seth A.Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Stable Plasticity and Generalization of Stroke Recovery.[J].Stroke,2018.

Cao Jiayue,Lu Kun-Han,Powley Terry L,Liu Zhongming.Vagal nerve stimulation triggers widespread responses and alters large-scale functional connectivity in the rat brain.[J].PloS one,2017.

Fioravante Capone,Sandra Miccinilli,Giovanni Pellegrino,Loredana Zollo,Davide Simonetti,Federica Bressi,Lucia Florio,Federico Ranieri,Emma Falato,Alessandro Di Santo,Alessio Pepe,Eugenio Guglielmelli,Silvia Sterzi,Vincenzo Di Lazzaro.Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined with Robotic Rehabilitation Improves Upper Limb Function after Stroke[J].Neural Plasticity,2017.

Joshua S Siegel,Abraham Z Snyder,Lenny Ramsey,Gordon L Shulman,Maurizio Corbetta.The effects of hemodynamic lag on functional connectivity and behavior after stroke[J].Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,2016.

Bonaz Bruno,Sinniger Valérie,Pellissier Sonia.Anti-inflammatory properties of the vagus nerve: potential therapeutic implications of vagus nerve stimulation.[J].The Journal of physiology,2016.

Navid Khodaparast,Michael P. Kilgard,Reema Casavant,Andrea Ruiz,Iqra Qureshi,Patrick D. Ganzer,Robert L. Rennaker,Seth A. Hays.Vagus Nerve Stimulation During Rehabilitative Training Improves Forelimb Recovery After Chronic Ischemic Stroke in Rats[J].Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair,2016.

Ilknur Ay,Rena Nasser,Bruce Simon,Hakan Ay.Transcutaneous Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Acute Ischemic Injury in Rats[J].Brain Stimulation,2016.

Capone Fioravante,Assenza Giovanni,Di Pino Giovanni,Musumeci Gabriella,Ranieri Federico,Florio Lucia,Barbato Carmen,Di Lazzaro Vincenzo.The effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on cortical excitability.[J].Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996),2015.

Kiyokawa Juri,Yamaguchi Kumiko,Okada Ryuhei,Maehara Taketoshi,Akita Keiichi.Origin, course and distribution of the nerves to the posterosuperior wall of the external acoustic meatus.[J].Anatomical science international,2014.

Ilknur Ay,Vitaly Napadow,Hakan Ay.Electrical Stimulation of the Vagus Nerve Dermatome in the External Ear is Protective in Rat Cerebral Ischemia[J].Brain Stimulation,2015.

Thomas Kraus,Olga Kiess,Katharina Hösl,Pavel Terekhin,Johannes Kornhuber,Clemens Forster.CNS BOLD fMRI Effects of Sham-Controlled Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Left Outer Auditory Canal – A Pilot Study[J].Brain Stimulation,2013.

Helmers S L,Begnaud J,Cowley A,Corwin H M,Edwards J C,Holder D L,Kostov H,Larsson P G,Levisohn P M,De Menezes M S,Stefan H,Labiner D M.Application of a computational model of vagus nerve stimulation.[J].Acta neurologica Scandinavica,2012.

Gu Yong,Dee Cathleen Michelle,Shen Jiangang.Interaction of free radicals, matrix metalloproteinases and caveolin-1 impacts blood-brain barrier permeability.[J].Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition),2011.

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