1. 浙江中医药大学附属第二医院,杭州
2. 同济大学附属上海市第四人民医院,上海
纸质出版:2026
移动端阅览
黄墩兵, 田欢, 毋振华, 等. 老年肌少症患者跌倒影响因素分析及预测模型构建[J]. 中华物理医学与康复杂志, 2026,48(2):148-155.
黄墩兵, 田欢, 毋振华, et al. 老年肌少症患者跌倒影响因素分析及预测模型构建[J]. 2026, 48(2): 148-155.
目的探讨影响老年肌少症患者跌倒的相关因素
并构建风险预测模型。方法采用横断面研究方法
收集2024年1月至12月期间在同济大学附属上海第四人民医院就诊的318例老年肌少症患者的临床资料
按7∶3比例随机分为建模组(共223例)及验证组(共95例)。同时本研究依据建模组患者最近1年内是否发生过跌倒事件将其细分为跌倒组与非跌倒组
并对2组患者分别进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析
筛选影响其跌倒的独立因素
并基于显著变量构建列线图预测模型。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验及临床决策曲线(DCA)分析评估模型性能。结果建模组患者跌倒发生率为38.12%。通过单因素分析发现
Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分、闭眼压力中心(COP)运动长度、步态周期、步速、股直肌积分肌电值(iEMG)及胫骨前肌均方根值(RMS)等变量在跌倒组与非跌倒组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现
低BBS评分、闭眼COP运动长度增加、步态周期延长、步速下降、股直肌iEMG及胫骨前肌RMS降低均为老年肌少症患者跌倒的独立危险因素。基于上述变量构建的列线图模型其ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.837(95%CI:0.785~0.889)
灵敏度为74.1%
特异度为83.3%
Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示χ2=15.5
P=0.061
提示该模型拟合良好。采用该模型对验证组患者进行测试
发现其AUC为0.877(95%CI:0.805~0.950)
显示该模型具有较好的区分能力。结论本研究通过整合平衡、步态与表面肌电等多维客观生物力学及神经肌肉指标
构建并验证了老年肌少症患者跌倒风险的可视化预测模型
发现该模型具有良好的判别与校准性能;然而本研究未纳入"既往跌倒史"这一强预测变量可能限制了该模型的预测上限及部分临床适用性
今后仍需在多中心人群中进一步验证该模型的稳健性并评估其应用边界。
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