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哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院普外科,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150086
Cui Yunfu, Email: yfcui7@163.com
Received:08 January 2026,
Published:22 October 2026
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张正宇,马世辉,李霜等.胆道恶性肿瘤免疫治疗进展[J].腹部外科,2026,39(05):402-406.
Zhang Zhengyu,Ma Shihui,Li Shuang,et al.Advances in immunotherapy for biliary malignancies[J].J Abdominal Surg,2026,39(05):402-406.
张正宇,马世辉,李霜等.胆道恶性肿瘤免疫治疗进展[J].腹部外科,2026,39(05):402-406. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5591.2026.05.013.
Zhang Zhengyu,Ma Shihui,Li Shuang,et al.Advances in immunotherapy for biliary malignancies[J].J Abdominal Surg,2026,39(05):402-406. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5591.2026.05.013.
胆道恶性肿瘤(biliary tract cancer, BTC)是一种预后较差的恶性肿瘤,多数病人确诊时已丧失手术机会。近年来,免疫治疗为BTC的治疗提供了新的方向。免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)是BTC治疗中研究最为深入的领域,其中程序性死亡受体1/程序性死亡受体配体1抑制剂单药作为后线治疗在晚期病人中显示出一定但有限的疗效。BTC治疗的关键进展在于联合治疗策略:全球Ⅲ期临床试验TOPAZ-1和KEYNOTE-966确立了ICIs(度伐利尤单抗或帕博利珠单抗)联合吉西他滨+顺铂化疗作为晚期BTC一线治疗的新标准,显著延长了病人的总生存期。此外,ICIs与靶向药物(如仑伐替尼)的联合、以及双免疫检查点阻断等方案也显示出初步前景。其他免疫疗法,如肿瘤疫苗、细胞过继免疫治疗等,已在早期探索中取得一些积极结果,但大多仍处于临床研究阶段,其有效性和安全性有待大规模随机对照试验进一步证实。未来,免疫治疗与化疗、靶向治疗及不同免疫疗法的优化组合,以及生物标志物指导下的精准应用,是改善BTC病人预后的重要研究方向。
Biliary tract cancer(BTC) is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, and most patients have already lost the opportunity for surgery at the time of diagnosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has opened a new direction for BTC treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) are the most extensively studied area in BTC therapy. Among them, single-agent programmed death receptor 1/programmed death receptor ligand 1 inhibitors as later-line treatment have shown some, but limited, efficacy in patients with advanced disease. The key progress in BTC treatment lies in combination strategies: the global phase Ⅲ clinical trials TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 established ICIs (durvalumab or pembrolizumab) combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy as the new first-line standard for advanced BTC, significantly prolonging overall survival. In addition, combinations of ICIs with targeted agents, such as lenvatinib, as well as dual immune checkpoint blockade,have also shown preliminary promise.Other immunotherapies,such as tumor vaccines and adoptive cellular immunotherapy, have yielded some positive results in early exploration, but most remain in the clinical research stage, and their efficacy and safety still need to be confirmed by large-scale randomized controlled trials. In the future, the optimized combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and different immunotherapeutic approaches,together with biomarker-guided precision application, will be important research directions for improving the prognosis of patients with BTC.
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