Identification and evaluation of drought-resistant peanut germplasm based on root system traits

SHANG Sui-teng; YU Bing-jie; YU Yue-hua; MIAO Hao-cui; HOU Xian-fei; LI Qiang; JIA Dong-hai; GU Yuan-guo; SU Hang; YAN Bo

doi:10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025298

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Identification and evaluation of drought-resistant peanut germplasm based on root system traits

更新时间：2026-10-31

- Identification and evaluation of drought-resistant peanut germplasm based on root system traits
- Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences Vol. 48, Issue 4, Pages: 168-183(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐，830052
  2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部乌鲁木齐野外综合观测站，新疆乌鲁木齐，830091
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025298
  CLC： S565.2
- Received：26 December 2025，
  
  Published：25 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
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尚随腾,于冰洁,于月华等.基于根系性状的花生抗旱种质鉴定与评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):168-183.

SHANG Sui-teng,YU Bing-jie,YU Yue-hua,et al.Identification and evaluation of drought-resistant peanut germplasm based on root system traits[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):168-183.
尚随腾,于冰洁,于月华等.基于根系性状的花生抗旱种质鉴定与评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):168-183. DOI： 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025298.

SHANG Sui-teng,YU Bing-jie,YU Yue-hua,et al.Identification and evaluation of drought-resistant peanut germplasm based on root system traits[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):168-183. DOI： 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025298.

摘要

为探究苗期及全生育期干旱胁迫对花生根系生长发育的影响，鉴定抗旱种质并明确抗旱鉴定关键指标，为花生抗旱育种提供依据，以103份花生种质为材料，开展苗期盆栽控水及全生育期田间控水试验，通过对根系鲜重、根系干重、根系长度等11个指标进行相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数法、聚类分析和灰色关联度分析，对不同花生种质的抗旱性进行综合评价，并筛选抗旱指标。结果表明，不同时期干旱胁迫对根系鲜重、根系干重等多个指标均有显著的抑制作用，而根冠比、干鲜比等指标在干旱胁迫后有所上升。两个时期大多根系相关指标抗旱系数为显著或极显著相关；基于D值，通过聚类分析将103份花生种质资源在苗期及全生育期均分为5类，分别是极度干旱敏感型（Ⅰ）、强干旱敏感型（Ⅱ）、中度干旱敏感型（Ⅲ）、中度抗旱型（Ⅳ）、强抗旱型（Ⅴ）。苗期聚类结果表明，Ⅰ类仅占总数的1.90％，Ⅴ类占总数的17.47％，冀5059的D值最大，为0.87，是供试品种内抗旱性最强种质，而Z5235的D值最小，为极度干旱敏感型种质；全生育期聚类结果表明，Ⅰ类占总数的23.33％，Ⅴ类占总数的3.80％，GH01

464 D值最大为0.70，抗旱性最强，Z5224的D值最小为0.29，抗旱性最弱；全生育期D值结合单株产量筛选出抗旱且高产的种质Z5205、豫花22、0215A（黑）和花育917。综合各抗旱指标与D值间的灰色关联度分析及相关性分析结果可知，花生苗期根部鲜重和根尖数与D值的关系最为密切，可以作为花生苗期抗旱性鉴定的最优指标；花生全生育期中根系干重、根系长度、根系体积为最佳鉴定指标。建立苗期及全生育期抗旱性预测回归模型，其预测D值与实际D值之间为显著相关，可以对D值进行较好的预测。以D值为自变量，苗期及全生育期地上部相关指标及产量为因变量，建立了6个一元回归方程，其R

均大于0.5，表明根系在地上部生长及产量形成方面发挥着重要作用。

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress imposed during the seedling stage and throughout the entire growth period on root growth and development in peanuts

identify drought-resistant cultivars

and determine key indicators for drought resistance evaluation

thereby providing a theoretical foundation for peanut breeding under drought conditions. A total of 103 peanut varieties were used in pot experiments with controlled water supply during the seedling stage and field experiments with regulated irrigation throughout the whole growing season. Eleven root-related traits—including root fresh weight

root dry weight

and root length—were analyzed using correlation analysis

principal component analysis

membership function evaluation

cluster analysis

and grey relational grade analysis. A comprehensive assessment of drought tolerance across genotypes was conducted

and optimal indicators for drought resistance identification were selected. Results indicated that drought stress significantly inhibited multiple root traits such as root fresh and dry weights

whereas physiological ratios including root-to-shoot ratio and dry-to-fresh weight ratio increased under stress conditions. Most root traits exhibited significant or highly significant correlations across growth stages. Based on the D-value index

cluster analysis classified the 103 peanut accessions into five categories—Category I (extremely drought-sensitive)

Category II (strongly drought-sensitive)

Category III (moderately drought-sensitive)

Category IV (moderately drought-resistant)

and Category V (strongly drought-resistant)—both at the seedling stage and over the full growth period. At the seedling stage

Category I accounted for 1.90% of the total

while Category V represented 17.47%. Jizhong 5059 exhibited the highest D value (0.87)

indicating superior drought tolerance among tested varieties

whereas Z5235 had the lowest D value and was classified as extremely drought-sensitive. Over the entire growth period

Category I comprised 23.33% of the total

and Category V accounted for 3.80%. GH01464 showed the highest D value (0.70)

demonstrating the strongest drought resistance

while Z5224 had the lowest D value (0.29)

indicating the weakest performance. By integrating D values with single-plant yield data

four high-yielding and drought-tolerant varieties were identified: Z5205

Yufa 22

0215A (black)

and Huayu 917. Grey relational analysis and correlation results revealed that root fresh weight and root tip number exhibited the closest association with the D value at the seedling stage

suggesting their suitability as primary selection criteria; for the whole growth period

root dry weight

root length

and root volume were determined to be the most effective indicators. Regression models for predicting drought resistance at both developmental stages were established

with predicted D values showing significant correlation with observed values

enabling reliable estimation. Six linear regression equations were developed using the D value as the independent variable and aboveground traits and yield as dependent variables

all yielding R² values exceeding 0.5

which underscores the critical role of root system development in supporting shoot growth and yield formation. This study established a comprehensive evaluation system for peanut drought resistance based on root morphological and physiological traits across growth stages

identified elite drought-tolerant varieties

and provided both theoretical support and germplasm resources for drought-resilient peanut breeding and variety selection in arid environments.

关键词

Keywords

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