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1.井冈山红壤研究所(江西省农业科学院井冈山分院), 江西 吉安, 343016
2.江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 农业农村部酸化改良与利用重点实验室, 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室, 江西 南昌, 330200
Received:03 December 2025,
Published:25 October 2026
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吕丰娟,吕茹洁,张志华等.油菜秸秆还田下氮肥减施对红壤旱地芝麻产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):162-173.
LYU Feng-juan,LYU Ru-jie,ZHANG Zhi-hua,et al.Effects of nitrogen reduction under rapeseed straw return on sesame yield and nitrogen use efficiency in red soil upland[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):162-173.
吕丰娟,吕茹洁,张志华等.油菜秸秆还田下氮肥减施对红壤旱地芝麻产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(05):162-173. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025268.
LYU Feng-juan,LYU Ru-jie,ZHANG Zhi-hua,et al.Effects of nitrogen reduction under rapeseed straw return on sesame yield and nitrogen use efficiency in red soil upland[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(05):162-173. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025268.
为明确红壤旱地油菜-芝麻轮作体系中,油菜秸秆全量还田条件下芝麻获得高产的最佳施氮量,本研究于2020-2023年在江西典型红壤旱地进行田间试验。试验设置油菜秸秆全量还田下6个氮肥梯度处理:常规施氮(N0,105.0 kg/hm²)、减氮10%(N1,94.5 kg/hm²)、减氮20%(N2,84.0 kg/hm²)、减氮30%(N3,73.5 kg/hm²)、减氮40%(N4,63.0 kg/hm²)及不施氮处理(N5),以秸秆离田但常规施氮(105.0 kg/hm²)为对照(CK),分析各处理对土壤理化性质、干物质累积分配、氮肥利用效率以及农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,油菜秸秆还田对土壤理化性质的改良效果受施氮量调控,且随还田年限延长而增强。与CK相比,适量减氮20%(N2)在还田第二年改良效果最优:土壤容重降低9.77%,土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量提高17.93%、13.62%和36.21%,速效氮含量与CK持平,C/N比优化至11.34。在作物响应方面,减氮20%(N2)处理芝麻产量最高,两年产量较CK分别提高12.12%、10.01%,氮肥收获指数、氮肥贡献率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率均与N0无显著差异,且芝麻各器官氮素累积量、干物质量均保持稳定。但当氮肥减施超过30%后(N4、N5),氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学效率显著降低41.74%、45.53%(与N0比),导致干物质量与产量显著降低。基于抛物线模型,油菜秸秆全量还田下芝麻获得最高产量的最佳施氮量为90.93~92.34 kg/hm²。由于减氮20%(84.0 kg/hm²)可实现芝麻高产与氮肥高效利用的协同提升,据此推荐红壤旱地油菜秸秆全量还田下,芝麻施氮量为84.0~92.34 kg/hm²。
To determine the optimal nitrogen application rate for achieving high sesame yield under full rapeseed straw return in rapeseed-sesame rotation system of red soil upland
a field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2023 in typical red soil upland in Jiangxi Province. Six nitrogen treatments under full rapeseed straw return were established
including conventional nitrogen application (N0
105 kg N/ha)
10% reduction (N1
94.5 kg N/ha)
20% reduction (N2
84.0 kg N/ha)
30% reduction (N3
73.5 kg N/ha)
40% reduction (N4
63.0 kg N/ha)
and no nitrogen (N5). A treatment with straw removal but conventional nitrogen application (105 kg N/ha) served as control (CK). The effects of these treatments were analyzed on soil physicochemical properties
dry matter accumulation and partitioning
nitrogen use efficiency
agronomic traits and sesame yield. Results indicated that the improvement effect of straw return on soil physicochemical properties was regulated by N application rate and enhanced with the extension of return period. Compared with CK
N2 exhibited optimal improvement effect in the second year of straw return
in which soil bulk density decreased by 9.77%
while the contents of soil organic matter
available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 17.93%
13.62% and 36.21%
respectively
while the available nitrogen content remained stable comparable to CK
and the C/N ratio was optimized to 11.34. In terms of crop response
N2 treatment achieved the highest sesame yield
with a two-year yield increase of 12.12% and 10.01% compared with CK. Meanwhile
nitrogen harvest index
nitrogen contribution rate
nitrogen partial factor productivity
and nitrogen agronomic efficiency showed no significant difference from N0. Moreover
nitrogen accumulation and dry matter weight in both vegetative organs and grains remained stable. However
when nitrogen reduction exceeded 30% (N4
N5)
the nitrogen recovery efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency decreased significantly by 41.74% and 45.53% (compared to N0)
respectively
leading to a significant reduction in dry matter accumulation and sesame yield. Based on parabolic model
the optimal nitrogen application rate for achieving the maximum sesame yield under straw return was determined to be 90.93-92.34 kg N/ha. It is evident that a 20% nitrogen reduction (84.0 kg N/ha) could synergistically enhance both high yield and nitrogen efficiency. Accordingly
the recommended nitrogen application rate for sesame under full rapeseed straw return in red soil upland is 84.0 to 92.34 kg N/ha.
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