O 16.53 kg、Mg 1.19kg、B 0.024 kg,需求比例为1∶0.24∶1.56∶0.11∶0.0023。综上,中油早1号在桂林、衡阳和吉安均能获得丰产,且生长中无明显越冬停滞期,其每生产100 kg籽粒所需的氮、磷、钾、硼等养分比一般冬油菜高,而区域土壤的养分缺乏程度更严重,因此更需注重增加养分投入量,并适当将肥料重点分配在生育前期。
Abstract
To establish a targeted and efficient fertilization technology system and improve rapeseed yield in winter fallow fields under triple cropping system
field experiments were conducted at 3 triple-cropping sites (Guilin
Guangxi; Hengyang
Hunan; and Ji'an
Jiangxi) to quantify dry matter and nutrient (N
P
K
Mg and B) accumulation dynamics of the early-maturing rapeseed cultivar Zhongyouzao 1
and to provide fertilization guidance for expanding rapeseed cultivation within rice-rice-rapeseed cropping system. Across sites
the growth duration of Zhongyouzao 1 ranged from 171 d to 182 d and seed yield ranged from 2125 to 2317 kg·hm
-2
. Whole-plant dry matter accumulation followed an S-shaped curve pattern: plants entered the stem elongation stage at approximately 60 d after sowing
and thereafter experienced a rapid dry matter accumulation phase lasting approximately 20 d. This rapid phase contributed 31.3%-40.7% of total dry
matter. Total dry matter reached its maximum at the pod filling stage. Accumulation patterns of N
K
Mg
and B were consistent with dry matter dynamics. N and K exhibited similar accumulation patterns
peaking at the end of early pod filling stage. Their rapid accumulation phase extended from the late seedling stage to the mid stem elongation stage (about 22 d)
contributing 24.0%~32.0% and 16.9%~28.0% of total uptake
respectively. P accumulation increased continuously throughout the entire growth period
with its rapid accumulation phase occurring from the late stem elongation stage to the early flowering stage (approximately 25 d)
contributing 15.2%-25.8% of total P. Mg and B accumulated rapidly during stem elongation (approximately 26 d and 23 d
respectively)
contributing 24.0%-29.3% and 32.2%-34.7% of their total accumulation
respectively. At physiological maturity
nutrient partitioning among organs displayed distinct characteristics: N
P
and B were preferentially concentrated in seeds; K was primarily retained in stems
while Mg showed relatively equitable distribution between stems and seeds. For a target yield level of 2250 kg·hm
-
²
production of 100 kg seed required 10.62 kg N
2.59 kg P
2
O
5
16.53 kg K
2
O
1.19 kg Mg
and 0.024 kg B
corresponding to a nutrient ratio of 1: 0.24: 1.56: 0.11: 0.0023. Overall
Zhongyouzao 1 attained high and stable yields at all 3 sites without a pronounced winter stagnation period. Nutrient requirements (N
P
K
B) per 100 kg of seeds were higher than typical winter rapeseed varieties. Given the more severe nutrient deficiencies in the regional soil
enhancing nutrient input is essential
with fertilizer allocation strategically during early growth stages.
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