Effects of exogenous γ - aminobutyric acid (GABA) on soybean seedlings under low nitrogen stress

LU Min-Jia; DUAN Yuan-hao; CHU Pei-yu; WU Yao-kun; WEN Si-jia; ZHANG Xu-fan; JIN Xi-jun; WANG Meng-xue

doi:10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025251

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Effects of exogenous γ - aminobutyric acid (GABA) on soybean seedlings under low nitrogen stress

更新时间：2026-10-31

- Effects of exogenous γ - aminobutyric acid (GABA) on soybean seedlings under low nitrogen stress
- Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences Vol. 48, Issue 4, Pages: 204-214(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.黑龙江八一农垦大学，黑龙江大庆，163319
  2.黑龙江省科学院大庆分院，黑龙江大庆，163319
  3.黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院，黑龙江大庆，163319
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025251
  CLC： S565.1
- Received：14 November 2025，
  
  Published：25 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
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卢敏嘉,段元昊,褚霈宇等.外源γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）对低氮胁迫下大豆幼苗的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):204-214.

LU Min-Jia,DUAN Yuan-hao,CHU Pei-yu,et al.Effects of exogenous γ - aminobutyric acid (GABA) on soybean seedlings under low nitrogen stress[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):204-214.
卢敏嘉,段元昊,褚霈宇等.外源γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）对低氮胁迫下大豆幼苗的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):204-214. DOI： 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025251.

LU Min-Jia,DUAN Yuan-hao,CHU Pei-yu,et al.Effects of exogenous γ - aminobutyric acid (GABA) on soybean seedlings under low nitrogen stress[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):204-214. DOI： 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025251.

摘要

为了探讨外源γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）对低氮胁迫下不同结瘤特性大豆幼苗生长的影响，本研究选用一对遗传背景相同、结瘤性状有差异的近等基因系（不结瘤材料WT和结瘤材料MT）为试验材料，通过采用沙培方法设置正常供氮（CK，营养液中氮素浓度为7.31 mmol∙L

-1

）、低氮胁迫（LN，营养液中氮素浓度为2.11 mmol∙L

-1

）及低氮胁迫下营养液中添加GABA（LN+GABA，GABA浓度为5 mmol·L⁻¹）处理，对比分析了植株生长、抗氧化酶活性、活性氧含量、糖含量及蔗糖代谢关键酶活性。结果表明：与CK相比，LN处理显著抑制大豆幼苗生长。与LN处理相比，LN+GABA处理显著改善了两供试大豆地上部形态（株高、茎粗、叶面积）和根系生长（根长、根体积），显著提高了干物质积累，以及叶片和根系主要抗氧化酶活性（SOD、POD、CAT、APX），并显著降低了O

产生速率和H

含量。其中，MT叶片中上述酶活性提高幅度分别为18.09%、13.30%、16.10%、12.38%，O

产生速率、H

分别降低了11.75%、10.36%，根系酶活性分别提高了9.78%、18.14%、24.87%、20.24%，O

产生速率、H

含量分别降低了8.25%、10.50%；WT叶片中上述酶活性分别提高了17.62%、24.89%、36.12%、14.24%，O₂⁻产生速率、H₂O₂含量则分别降低了9.10%、13.12%；根系酶活性分别提高了16.88%、33.09%、29.89%、16.07%，O₂⁻产生速率、H₂O₂含量分别降低了10.75%、5.96%。此外，LN

+GABA处理还显著提高了低氮胁迫下两供试大豆叶片和根系蔗糖、果糖、可溶性糖含量以及叶片和根系蔗糖代谢关键酶活性。Mantel分析结果显示，在MT中，抗氧化酶活性、活性氧含量、糖含量和蔗糖代谢关键酶活性与干物质均呈显著或极显著正相关关系，叶片和根系超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢、超氧阴离子产生速率、蔗糖、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶与植株形态之间呈显著或极显著正相关关系；在WT中，除叶片果糖、转化酶（AI，NI）以及根系的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢和可溶性糖与干物质积累无显著关联外，其他生理指标均与干物质呈显著或极显著正相关关系；同时，除根系过氧化氢酶外，所有生理指标均与植株形态呈显著或极显著正相关关系。综上所述，外源GABA通过协同增强抗氧化防御能力和调节蔗糖代谢途径，共同改善了低氮胁迫对大豆幼苗的抑制作用。

Abstract

To explore the role of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the growth of soybean seedlings with different nodulation characteristics under low nitrogen stress

a pair of near-isogenic lines (non-nodulating WT and nodulating MT) was employed as experimental materials. The plant growth

antioxidant enzyme activity

active oxygen content

sugar content and key enzyme activities of sucrose metabolism were compared and analyzed under normal nitrogen supply (CK

nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution of 7.31 mmol·L⁻¹)

low nitrogen stress (LN

nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution of 2.11 mmol·L⁻¹) and low nitrogen stress with 5 mmol·L⁻¹ GABA (LN+GABA). The results showed that compared with CK

LN treatment significantly inhibited the growth of soybean seedlings. Compared with LN treatment

LN+GABA treatment significantly improved the aboveground morphology (plant height

stem diameter

leaf area) and root growth (root length

root volume)

increased dry matter accumulation

and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (SOD

POD

CAT

APX) in leaves and roots

and significantly reduced the O

production rate and H

content. Specifically

in the leaves of MT

these enzyme activities increased by 18.09%

13.30%

16.10%

and 12.38% respectively

while the superoxide anion (O₂

) production rate and hydrogen peroxide (H

) content decreased by 11.75% and 10.36% respectively; in the roots of MT

the enzyme activities increased by 9.78%

18.14%

24.87%

and 20.24% respectively

and the O₂

prod

uction rate and H

content decreased by 8.25% and 10.50% respectively. In the leaves of WT

these enzyme activities increased by 17.62%

24.89%

36.12%

and 14.24% respectively

while the O₂

production rate and H₂O₂ content decreased by 9.10% and 13.12% respectively; in the roots of WT

the enzyme activities increased by 16.88%

33.09%

29.89%

and 16.07% respectively

and the O₂

production rate and H₂O₂ content decreased by 10.75% and 5.96% respectively.In addition

LN+GABA treatment also significantly increased the contents of sucrose

fructose

soluble sugar and the activities of key enzymes of sucrose metabolism in leaves and roots of the two tested soybeans under low nitrogen stress. Mantel analysis results showed that in MT

antioxidant enzyme activities

reactive oxygen species (ROS) content

sugar contents

and key enzyme activities involved in sucrose metabolism were all significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation; SOD

H₂O₂

O₂⁻

SUC

SUS

and SPS in leaves and roots were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with plant morphology. In WT

except for fructose

invertase (AI

NI) in leaves

APX

hydrogen peroxide (H

) and soluble sugar (SS) in roots were not significantly correlated with dry matter accumulation

most other physiological indexes were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation; At the same time

except root CAT

all physiological indexes were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with plant morphology. In conclusion

exogenous GABA alleviated the inhibition of low nitrogen stress on Soybean Seedlings by synergistically enhancing antioxidant defense ability and regulating sucrose metabolism pathway.

关键词

Keywords

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