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1.长江大学农学院/长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(省部共建),湖北 荆州,434025
2.武汉现代农业教育中心,湖北 武汉,430040
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830091
4.江西省农业科学院作物研究所/油料作物遗传改良江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌,330200
Received:05 November 2025,
Published:25 August 2026
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曾心茹,段先琴,赵俊等.基于芝麻籽粒和蒴果皮转录组挖掘粒重候选基因[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):58-71.
ZENG Xin-ru,DUAN Xian-qin,ZHAO Jun,et al.Mining candidate genes of seed weight based on RNA-Seq of seeds and capsule walls in Sesamum indicum L.[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):58-71.
曾心茹,段先琴,赵俊等.基于芝麻籽粒和蒴果皮转录组挖掘粒重候选基因[J].中国油料作物学报,2026,48(04):58-71. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025243.
ZENG Xin-ru,DUAN Xian-qin,ZHAO Jun,et al.Mining candidate genes of seed weight based on RNA-Seq of seeds and capsule walls in Sesamum indicum L.[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2026,48(04):58-71. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2025243.
粒重形成与叶片及绿色果皮的光合作用有关,挖掘调控种子重量/大小的关键基因对作物高产育种具有重要意义。为进一步解析芝麻粒重形成机制并为粒重改良提供分子基础,本研究通过分析粒重差异显著芝麻材料(L1,大粒;S1,小粒)不同发育时期(5 DAP、10 DAP和20 DAP)籽粒和蒴果皮的转录组数据,挖掘差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG分析,筛选粒重相关候选基因;并利用qRT-PCR技术分析粒重相关候选基因表达模式。结果表明,在L1和S1三个发育时期蒴果皮中均能检测到的差异表达基因有160个,其中上调基因60个、下调基因100个;主要富集到氨基糖和核苷酸糖的代谢、氨基酸的生物合成、苯丙类物质合成、碳代谢、植物激素信号转导、核糖体等。在L1和S1三个发育时期籽粒中均能检测到的差异表达基因有253个,其中上调基因123个、下调基因130个;主要富集到碳水化合物的运输和代谢、氨基酸的转运和代谢、植物激素信号转导、核糖体等。结合转录组分析结果及文献报道,筛选出14个与物质合成和转运、碳代谢、种子大小等相关的粒重候选基因(籽粒中8个、蒴果皮中9个)。进一步利用6份不同粒重种质进行候选基因的qRT-PCR表达分析,结果揭示
KLU
(
CYTOCHROME P450 78A5,CYP78A5
)
、ARF2
(auxin response factor 2)、
DA1
(E3 ubiquitin ligases)等候选基因对芝麻籽粒发育和粒重形成具有复杂而重要的作用。本研究系统分析了芝麻籽粒和蒴果皮中的差异表达基因及其代谢通路,筛选出14个与籽粒发育和粒重形成有关的候选基因。
Mining key genes regulating seed weight/size is of great significance for high-yield breeding of crops. To provide molecular basis for further elucidating the mechanism of seed weight formation and to improve seed weight in sesame
transcriptome data of seeds and capsule walls from sesame accessions with different seed weights (L1 with large seeds and S1 with small seeds) at different stages (5 DAP
10 DAP
and 20 DAP) were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and subjected to GO and KEGG analyses to screen seed weight-related candidate genes. qRT-PCR was employed to investigate expression patterns of candidate genes associated with seed weight. A total of 160 DEGs were found simultaneously in capsule walls of L1 and S1 at all stages
including 60 up-regulated and 100 down-regulated genes. These genes were enriched into pathways of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
amino acid biosynthesis
phenylalanine synthesis
carbon metabolism
plant hormone signaling
and ribosome-related processes by GO and KEGG. And a total of 253 DEGs were detected synchronously in seeds of L1 and
S1 at different stages
including 123 up-regulated and 130 down-regulated genes
which were enriched into pathways of carbohydrate transport and metabolism
amino acid transport and metabolism
plant hormone signaling
and ribosome-related processes by GO and KEGG. Based on RNA-Seq analysis and literatures reported
14 genes (8 in seeds and 9 in capsule walls)
which associated with photosynthesis
material synthesis and transport
carbon metabolism
and seed size-related traits
were identified as seed weight related candidate genes. Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR analysis further revealed
KLU
DA1
and
ARF2
play complex and important roles during seed development and seed weight formation in sesame.
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