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韩会玲, 张剑, 朱晓娟, et al. Quantitative Calculation & Optimization of Ecological Flow for Eco-environmental Recovery[J]. 2024, 47(S1): 235-247.
韩会玲, 张剑, 朱晓娟, et al. Quantitative Calculation & Optimization of Ecological Flow for Eco-environmental Recovery[J]. 2024, 47(S1): 235-247. DOI: 10.19672/j.cnki.1003-6504.1755.22.338.
当前多数中小河流的水环境状况不容乐观,亟需开展河道的生态环境复苏工作,在河流生态流量确定过程中也存在计算方法不易推广和生态因子难以量化的问题。面向河道生境最大程度改善的河流生态复苏通常以水量保障和水环境改善为基础,并且也是对基于自然解决方案(NbS)中自然化修复理念的有效落实。为满足北方缺水河流的生态水量要求,该研究选取指示物种,借助二维水动力栖息地模拟模型和Penman-Monteith公式,开展恢复河流功能自然化、实现河流径流自然过程的研究。首先以恢复河流自然状态为目标,并以龙河作为典型河流在时空尺度开展指示物种-生态流量计算,得出相应生态流量及年最小生态需水量。然后以生态幅范围广且易于捕获的麦穗鱼为指示物种,开展产卵期(4-6月)、幼鱼期(7-11月)和成长期(12-3月)最适生态流量确定,3个时段对应的流量分别为3.22、4.30和10.81 m~3/s,典型河段芦苇的最小年生态需水量为1.51万m~3。计算结果均能满足陆域和水体指示物种的生理需水要求。以NbS为基础的生态流量计算方法适用范围广、结果代表性强,可用于流量小、流速低的北方中小河流的生态流量计算,利于实现河湖生态环境复苏。
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