长江中游河湖-地下水交互带地下水中氮素的时空分布特征及控制因素

高杰; 郭静; 蔡爱民; 杨虎成; 李亚云; 王艺霖; 池泽涌; 李伟; 赵德君

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240595

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长江中游河湖-地下水交互带地下水中氮素的时空分布特征及控制因素

更新时间：2026-11-05

- 长江中游河湖-地下水交互带地下水中氮素的时空分布特征及控制因素
- Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology Vol. 44, Issue 5, Pages: 247-256(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 湖北省地质局资源与生态环境地质湖北省重点实验室
  2. 湖北省地质环境总站
  3. 武汉市生态环境局东西湖区生态环境事务服务站
  4. 江西省科学院微生物研究所
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240595
  CLC： X143
- Online First：14 September 2025，
  
  Published：14 September 2025
- 稿件说明：
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高杰, 郭静, 蔡爱民, et al. 长江中游河湖-地下水交互带地下水中氮素的时空分布特征及控制因素[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 247-256.
DOI：

高杰, 郭静, 蔡爱民, et al. 长江中游河湖-地下水交互带地下水中氮素的时空分布特征及控制因素[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 247-256. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240595.

摘要

河湖-地下水交互带的复杂结构驱动着营养盐的迁移转化与归宿，探究氮素在地下水中的时空分布特征及其控制因素对于水质和生态系统的保护具有重要指导意义。以长江中游河湖-地下水交互带为研究对象，分别于丰水期和枯水期采集2个承压水剖面以及1个潜水剖面的地下水样品，进行水文地球化学分析，并运用随机森林模型探讨了氮素富集的控制因素。结果表明：地下水中氮素的主要存在形态为铵氮（NH

-N），丰水期承压水NH

-N质量浓度（0.37～4.96 mg/L

均值2.07 mg/L）显著高于潜水（0～0.096 mg/L

均值0.012 mg/L）。其低浓度Cl

/SO

以及高浓度CO

/HCO

指示NH

-N的富集与天然成因条件下含氮有机质矿化过程密切相关。相比承压水，潜水枯水期NH

-N质量浓度（均值1.25 mg/L）显著高于丰水期（均值0.032 mg/L），呈显著的季节性变化，且其Fe/Mn比值也相对较高。结合水位波动情况，潜水受人为活动影响较大，该含水层中NH

-N富集后可进一步发生厌氧铁铵氧化过程。研究成果丰富了河湖-地下水交互带氮素赋存规律的认识，并可为氮循环相关的生物地球化学过程提供理论基础。

Abstract

ObjectiveThe complex structure of river-lake-groundwater interaction zone governs the migration and transformation and the fate of nutrients. Investigating the spatial-temporal distribution characteristic and controlling factors of nitrogen in groundwater holds significant implications for water quality and ecosystem protection. MethodsThis study focus on the river-lake-groundwater interaction zone along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Groundwater samples were collected from two confined aquifer profile and one phreatic aquifer profile during both monsoon season and non-monsoon season. Hydrogeochemical analysis was conducted

and the controlling factors of nitrogen enrichment were identified using random forest regression. ResultsThe results indicate that the main form of nitrogen in groundwater is ammonium (NH4-N). The content of NH4-N in confined groundwater during monsoon season (0.37−4.96 mg/L

average 2.07 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in the pore phreatic water (0−0.096 mg/L

average 0.012 mg/L).Low concentration of Cl− / SO42− and high concentration of CO2 / HCO3− indicate that NH4-N enrichment is closely related to the mineralization of nitrogen-bearing organic matter under natural condition. In contrast

in pore phreatic groundwater during the non-monsoon season

the NH4-N concentration (average 1.25 mg/L) was significantly higher than during monsoon season(average 0.032 mg/L)

displaying prominent seasonal variation. The concentration of Fe / Mn was also relatively high in this aquifer during the non-monsoon season. Combined with water-level fluctuation data

the pore phreatic water is significantly influenced by human activities. Following NH4-N enrichment within the aquifer

feammox can occur. ConclusionThis study enhances understanding of the occurrence patterns of nitrogen within river-lake-groundwater interaction zone and provides a theoretical basis for studying biogeochemical processes associated with the nitrogen cycle.

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