我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述

杨嘉钰; 刘涛; 卢楚谦; 包锐; 余威; 彭晓鹃

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240516

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述

更新时间：2026-11-05

- 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述
- Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology Vol. 44, Issue 5, Pages: 257-271(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 自然资源部南海生态中心
  2. 中海石油(中国)有限公司研究总院
  3. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240516
  CLC： X834;X145
- Online First：15 September 2025，
  
  Published：15 September 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨嘉钰, 刘涛, 卢楚谦, et al. 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 257-271.
DOI：

杨嘉钰, 刘涛, 卢楚谦, et al. 我国海洋生态观测系统现状综述[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(5): 257-271. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240516.

摘要

海洋生态观测是海洋探索、生态保护修复、灾害预警预报、防灾减灾的重要手段和途径。21世纪以来，为进一步开展海洋生态观测，应对在人类活动和全球气候变化影响下各类生态灾害预警、典型生态系统面临退化等威胁，海洋生态观测技术已逐步迈入自动化、智能化、实时反映动态结果的时代，对生态文明建设下海洋生态观测系统研究提出了更高的要求。讨论了国际近岸海域、深海、海底海洋生态观测系统发展和研究现状，对现有观测系统进行了总结，分析了我国改革开发以来海洋生态观测系统技术的发展趋势、海洋生态观测系统发展的必要性，以及目前我国以近岸生态浮标为主的生态观测系统在我国沿海省市发展现状，并对此类观测系统在应对脆弱典型生态系统、新型生态灾害等预警研究中存在的局限性。提出我国生态观测应由简单的生态浮标向立体观测网发展，并且针对不同的典型生态系统建立有针对性的“岸–海–空–天”立体观测网络。

Abstract

Objective and SignificanceMarine ecological observation has become one of the essential approaches to supporting ocean exploration

ecological protection and restoration

disaster prevention and reduction

and early warning of ecological hazards. With the intensification of human activities and the accelerating impacts of global climate change

typical marine ecosystems are increasingly facing severe degradation and fragility. These threats include frequent red tides

eutrophication

and biodiversity loss in coastal waters

all of which impose significant economic and ecological costs. Against this backdrop

there is an urgent demand to establish advanced real-time

automated

and intelligent ecological observing systems. Such systems are expected to capture dynamic variations of marine environmental parameters and provide a scientific basis for sustainable marine management and the construction of ecological civilization. Analysis

Discussion and ProgressThis paper provides an overview of international progress in marine ecological observation technologies

focusing on nearshore

deep-sea

and seafloor monitoring systems. Developed marine countries have built integrated observation networks composed of buoys

coastal stations

underwater platforms

and satellite remote sensing

which together achieve long-term

continuous

and real-time monitoring of multiple environmental and ecological parameters. Typical examples include the United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)

the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)

Canada's NEPTUNE seafloor network

and Europe's EMSO project. These networks have demonstrated the capability to monitor not only hydrological and meteorological variables but also ecological indicators critical for predicting and preventing ecological disasters. By comparison

China's ocean ecological observation systems started relatively late and have mainly relied on coastal eco-buoys since the reform and opening-up period. Although more than 100 buoy-based monitoring stations have been deployed across major coastal provinces

these systems are still limited in scope

parameter diversity

and integration capacity. Current observation remains dominated by localized

single-point monitoring

with insufficient network connectivity and poor spatial resolution. Moreover

the existing systems are constrained by limited endurance

high maintenance costs

and weak data-sharing mechanisms

making it difficult to fully meet the requirements of ecological disaster early warning and ecosystem protection in the new era. Conclusions and ProspectsTo overcome these limitations

this paper proposes that China's ecological observation should shift from simple buoy-based approaches toward the construction of collaborative

stereoscopic observation networks. Such networks should integrate multiple platforms: Shore-based towers

eco-buoys

underwater cabled observatories

shipborne systems

unmanned aerial vehicles

and satellite remote sensing: Forming a comprehensive "shore-sea-air-space" observation framework. With enhanced accuracy

extended parameters

and improved spatial and temporal coverage

these networks would enable dynamic

multi-dimensional monitoring of marine ecological processes. The establishment of such integrated networks is expected to play a crucial role in early warning of ecological disasters such as harmful algal blooms

coral bleaching

and ecosystem degradation. Furthermore

the accumulation of long-term

continuous datasets will provide essential support for assessing ecosystem health

guiding ecological restoration projects

and improving the resilience of coastal socio-economic systems. On a broader scale

advancing China's marine ecological observation capacity will also contribute to international collaboration in global ocean observing

strengthen data-sharing

and enhance China's role in addressing global marine environmental challenges. In summary

the paper highlights both the progress and the limitations of China's current ecological observation efforts and argues for a transformation toward advanced

stereoscopic

and multi-platform ecological observing systems. This transition is vital for improving marine ecological protection

supporting disaster prevention and mitigation

and achieving the long-term goal of sustainable ocean development under ecological civilization.

关键词

Keywords

references

张伙带.海底观测新技术[M].海洋出版社,2019.

陈令新.海洋环境分析监测技术[M].科学出版社,2017.

Angel Borja,Jesper H. Andersen,Christos D. Arvanitidis,Alberto Basset,Lene Buhl Mortensen,Susana Carvalho,Katherine A. Dafforn,Michelle J. Devlin,Elva G. Escobar Briones,Christian Grenz,Tilmann Harder,Stelios Katsanevakis,Dongyan Liu,Anna Metaxas,Xosé Anxelu G. Morán,Alice Newton,Chiara Piroddi,Xavier Pochon,Ana M. Queirós,Paul V. R. Snelgrove,Cosimo Solidoro,Michael A. St. John,Heliana Teixeira.Past and Future Grand Challenges in Marine Ecosystem Ecology[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2020.

Tanhua Toste,McCurdy Andrea,Fischer Albert,Appeltans Ward,Bax Nicholas,Currie Kim,DeYoung Brad,Dunn Daniel,Heslop Emma,Glover Linda K.,Gunn John,Hill Katherine,Ishii Masao,Legler David,Lindstrom Eric,Miloslavich Patricia,Moltmann Tim,Nolan Glenn,Palacz Artur,Simmons Samantha,Sloyan Bernadette,Smith Leslie M.,Smith Neville,Telszewski Maciej,Visbeck Martin,Wilkin John.What We Have Learned From the Framework for Ocean Observing: Evolution of the Global Ocean Observing System[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2019.

Charles James,Matt Collopy,Lucy R. Wyatt,Andrew Middleditch.Suitability of the Southern Australia Integrated Marine Observing System’s (SA-IMOS) HF-Radar for operational forecasting[J].Journal of Operational Oceanography,2019.

elén Martín Míguez,Antonio Novellino,Matteo Vinci,Simon Claus,Jan-Bart Calewaert,Jan-Bart Calewaert,Henry Vallius,Thierry Schmitt,Alessandro Pititto,Alessandra Giorgetti,Natalie Askew,Sissy Iona,Dick Schaap,Nadia Pinardi,Quillon Harpham,Belinda J. Kater,Jacques Populus,Jun She,Atanas Vasilev Palazov,Oonagh McMeel,Oonagh McMeel,Paula Oset,Dan Lear,Giuseppe M. R. Manzella,Patrick Gorringe,Simona Simoncelli,Kate Larkin,Kate Larkin,Kate Larkin,Neil Holdsworth,Christos Dimitrios Arv.The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet): Visions and Roles of the Gateway to Marine Data in Europe[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2019.

Tim Moltmann,Jon Turton,Huai-Min Zhang,Glenn Nolan,Carl Gouldman,Laura Griesbauer,Zdenka Willis,Ángel Muñiz Piniella,Sue Barrell,Erik Andersson,Champika Gallage,Etienne Charpentier,Mathieu Belbeoch,Mathieu Belbeoch,Paul Poli,Anthony Rea,Eugene F. Burger,David M. Legler,Rick Lumpkin,Christian Meinig,Kevin O’Brien,Korak Saha,Adrienne Sutton,Dongxiao Zhang,Yongsheng Zhang.A Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), Delivered Through Enhanced Collaboration Across Regions, Communities, and New Technologies[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2019.

Mackenzie Bev,Celliers Louis,Assad Luiz Paulo de Freitas,Heymans Johanna J.,Rome Nicholas,Thomas Julie,Anderson Clarissa,Behrens James,Calverley Mark,Desai Kruti,DiGiacomo Paul M.,Djavidnia Samy,dos Santos Francisco,Eparkhina Dina,Ferrari José,Hanly Caitriona,Houtman Bob,Jeans Gus,Landau Luiz,Larkin Kate,Legler David,Le Traon Pierre Yves,Lindstrom Eric,Loosley David,Nolan Glenn,Petihakis George,Pellegrini Julio,Roberts Zoe,Siddorn John R.,Smail Emily,Sousa Pinto Isabel,Terrill Eric.The Role of Stakeholders in Creating Societal Value From Coastal and Ocean Observations[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2019.

Florent Gasparin,Stephanie Guinehut,Chongyuan Mao,Isabelle Mirouze,Isabelle Mirouze,Elisabeth Rémy,Robert R. King,Mathieu Hamon,Rebecca Reid,Andrea Storto,Andrea Storto,Pierre Yves Le Traon,Pierre Yves Le Traon,Matthew J. Martin,Simona Masina.Requirements for an Integrated in situ Atlantic Ocean Observing System From Coordinated Observing System Simulation Experiments[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2019.

Joanne O’Callaghan,Craig Stevens,Craig Stevens,Moninya Roughan,Moninya Roughan,Chris Cornelisen,Philip Sutton,Philip Sutton,Sally Garrett,Giacomo Giorli,Robert O. Smith,Kim I. Currie,Kim I. Currie,Sutara H. Suanda,Michael Williams,Melissa Bowen,Melissa Bowen,Denise Fernandez,Ross Vennell,Benjamin R. Knight,Paul Barter,Peter McComb,Megan Oliver,Mary Livingston,Pierre Tellier,Anna Meissner,Mike Brewer,Mark Gall,Scott D. Nodder,Moira Decima,Joao Souza,Aitana Forcén Vazquez,Sarah.Developing an Integrated Ocean Observing System for New Zealand[J].Frontiers in Marine Science,2019.

Wilhelm Petersen,Susanne Reinke,Gisbert Breitbach,Michail Petschatnikov,Henning Wehde,Henrike Thomas.FerryBox data in the North Sea from 2002 to 2005[J].Earth System Science Data,2018.

The Ocean Observatories Initiative[J].Oceanography,2018.

Marton G. Hidas,Roger Proctor,Natalia Atkins,Julian Atkinson,Laurent Besnard,Peter Blain,Philip Bohm,Jon Burgess,Kim Finney,Dan Fruehauf,Guillaume Galibert,Xavier Hoenner,Jacqui Hope,Craig Jones,Sebastien Mancini,Benedicte Pasquer,David Nahodil,Kate Reid,Katherine Tattersall.Information infrastructure for Australia’s Integrated Marine Observing System[J].Earth Science Informatics,2016.

Wilhelm Petersen.FerryBox systems: State-of-the-art in Europe and future development[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2014.

Wilhelm Petersen,Friedhelm Schroeder,Frank-Detlef Bockelmann.FerryBox - Application of continuous water quality observations along transects in the North Sea[J].Ocean Dynamics,2011.

Neal R. Pettigrew,C. Patrick Fikes,M. Kate Beard.Advances in the Ocean Observing System in the Gulf of Maine: Technical Capabilities and Scientific Results[J].Marine Technology Society journal,2011.

Simultaneous measurements of nitrate, oxygen, and carbon dioxide on oceanographic moorings: Observing the Redfield ratio in real time[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2010.

Moore C.,Barnard A.,Fietzek P.,Lewis M. R.,Sosik H. M.,White S.,Zielinski O..Optical tools for ocean monitoring and research[J].Ocean Science,2009.

Tommy S. Moore,Katherine M. Mullaugh,Rebecca R. Holyoke,Andrew S. Madison,Mustafa Yücel,George W. Luther.Marine Chemical Technology and Sensors for Marine Waters: Potentials and Limits[J].Annual Review of Marine Science,2009.

S. Martin Taylor.Transformative ocean science through the VENUS and NEPTUNE Canada ocean observing systems[J].Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A,2008(1).

Sandford Richard C,Exenberger Alexandra,Worsfold Paul J.Nitrogen cycling in natural waters using in situ, reagentless UV spectrophotometry with simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite.[J].Environmental science & technology,2007.

Kenneth S. Johnson,Luke J. Coletti,Francisco P. Chavez.Diel nitrate cycles observed with in situ sensors predict monthly and annual new production[J].Deep-Sea Research Part I,2005.

Long-term Real-time Coastal Ocean Observation Networks[J].Oceanography,2000.

Rantajärvi Eija,Olsonen Riitta,Hällfors Seija,Leppänen Juha-Markku,Raateoja Mika.Effect of sampling frequency on detection of natural variability in phytoplankton: unattended high-frequency measurements on board ferries in the Baltic Sea[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1998.

杨泽森,林晶晶,常启昕,周爱国,黄小龙.地下水与湖泊交互作用的研究趋势与前沿[J].地质科技通报,2024(06).

李永祺,唐学玺,张鑫鑫,童欣.退化海洋生态系统修复相关概念与修复模式的探讨[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2024(11).

江汝锋,曹立成,邓孝亮,何云龙,焦垚祺,陈子归,李韬,张祺.琼东南盆地宝岛21-1区陵水组沉积特征及其油气地质意义[J].地质科技通报,2024(05).

王延欣.枯竭油气藏储集库储热供暖耦合CO_2封存性能分析[J].地质科技通报,2024(03).

张增健,李程,徐珊珊,王凯悦.国外海洋观测系统对我国的启示[J].海洋技术学报,2023(06).

周学杭,张洪海,马昕,陈朝晖.基于浮标观测的春季青岛近岸海水pCO_2变化及海-气CO_2通量研究[J].海洋学研究,2023(03).

蒋成竹,张涛,吴林强,徐晶晶,冉皞.欧盟海洋探测和观测体系构建现状与发展趋势[J].自然资源情报,2023(06).

王宁,李燕,杨鹏程,司惠民,刘玉.海洋生态在线监测技术研究进展[J].应用海洋学学报,2023(01).

朱鹏光,甘义群,赖咏毅,尤悦,姜颖.海南东寨港红树林湿地沉积物氮形态空间分布特征及影响因素[J].地质科技通报,2023(01).

张文斌,孙伟,许歆,王洪波,郑碧琪,鲁超,李靖,穆景利.某核电厂附近海域生态环境特征及潜在致灾生物研究[J].海洋科学,2022(07).

贾文娟,张孝薇,闫晨阳,李红志.海洋牧场生态环境在线监测物联网技术研究[J].海洋科学,2022(01).

王宁,程长阔,杨鹏程,李燕,司惠民,任永琴.船载海洋生态在线监测技术研究与应用进展[J].海洋科学,2021(10).

齐占会,史荣君,戴明,韩婷婷,黄洪辉.尖笔帽螺(Creseis acicula)研究进展及其在大亚湾暴发机制初探[J].热带海洋学报,2021(05).

吴亚楠,王祎,姜民,王静.《2019年美国NOAA科学报告》对我国海洋观测网建设与发展的启示[J].海洋技术学报,2021(03).

李斌,刘保良,陈旭阳,凌琳,高劲松.基于海洋生态在线监测浮标数据的钦州湾藻华过程研究[J].广西科学,2021(01).

於凡,许波涛,吴昕,白洁,李勇.基于核电冷源安全的海洋生物调查及筛选评价方法研究[J].海洋环境科学,2021(01).

付龙文,杜志强,高歌,孙西艳,陈令新.海洋牧场多水层溶解氧在线监测系统的构建及应用[J].海洋环境科学,2020(06).

翟方国,李培良,顾艳镇,李欣,陈栋,李琳,孙利元,刘子洲,姜庆岩,吴文凡.海底有缆在线观测系统研究与应用综述[J].海洋科学,2020(08).

赵聪蛟,刘希真,付声景,姚炜民,周燕,马骏.基于水质浮标在线监测的米氏凯伦藻赤潮过程及环境因子变化特征分析[J].热带海洋学报,2020(02).

陈鹰.海洋观测方法之研究[J].海洋学报,2019(10).

贺立燕,宋秀贤,於凡,王凯,宋书群,俞志明.潜在影响防城港核电冷源系统的藻类暴发特点及其监测防控技术[J].海洋与湖沼,2019(03).

罗金福,李天深,蓝文陆.近岸海域自动监测网络在广西环境管理服务中的应用[J].广西科学院学报,2019(02).

李风华,路艳国,王海斌,郭永刚,张飞.海底观测网的研究进展与发展趋势[J].中国科学院院刊,2019(03).

李晖,杜军兰,哈谦,程长阔,唐宏寰,杨鹏程,刘玉.船载海洋水质自动监测系统研制和应用[J].环境影响评价,2018(06).

陈旭阳,刘保良.海洋在线监测浮标在赤潮监测中的应用研究[J].热带海洋学报,2018(05).

李斌,刘保良,魏春雷.广西海洋水质监测浮标设计与建设[J].科技资讯,2018(21).

杨颖,徐韧.岸/岛基站海洋生态环境在线监测系统建设选址调查方案探讨[J].海洋技术学报,2018(03).

伯云台,王岚,姜源庆,满鹏.海洋在线水质生态观测系统研究进展[J].环境影响评价,2018(02).

庞仁松,周凯,冷科明,郭翔宇,吴俊儒,钟宛蓉.深圳市海域浮标监测网的站位设计和数据应用[J].海洋开发与管理,2018(02).

於凡,许波涛,李勇,石艳明,张洪洋,彭跃.海生物暴发对核电厂冷源系统的影响分析及对策探讨[J].给水排水,2018(02).

熊小飞,吴加欣,陈栋,李培良.珊瑚礁生态环境在线监测系统的设计研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2017(06).

于宇,黄孝鹏,崔威威,鲍鹏飞.国外海洋环境观测系统和技术发展趋势[J].舰船科学技术,2017(23).

赵聪蛟,赵斌,周燕.基于海洋生态文明及绿色发展的海洋环境实时监测[J].海洋开发与管理,2017(05).

刘春琳,陈亮,乔延龙,刘宪斌.天津大神堂牡蛎礁海洋特别保护区监视监控平台应用探讨[J].科技资讯,2016(01).

吴自军,周怀阳.加拿大海底科学长期观测网的研究进展[J].工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程,2016(02).

赵聪蛟,孔梅,孙笑笑,周燕.浙江省海洋水质浮标在线监测系统构建及应用[J].海洋环境科学,2016(02).

刘方,丁页,李俊龙,李曌,刘喜惠,陈平,张铃松.近岸海域水质自动监测规范化研究[J].中国环境监测,2016(02).

陈绍艳,张多,麻常雷.加拿大VENUS海底观测网[J].海洋开发与管理,2015(11).

钱洪宝,徐文,张杰,韩鹏.我国海洋监测高技术发展的回顾与思考[J].海洋技术学报,2015(03).

赵聪蛟,冯辉强,祝翔宇,周燕.象山港海洋监测浮标在强台风“海葵”影响期间的可靠性分析[J].热带海洋学报,2015(02).

李天深,蓝文陆,卢印思,谢鑫.近岸海域自动监测浮标在赤潮预警中的应用及其缺陷[J].海洋预报,2015(01).

王祎,高艳波,齐连明,路亚娟.我国业务化海洋观测发展研究——借鉴美国综合海洋观测系统[J].海洋技术学报,2014(06).

王波,李民,刘世萱,陈世哲,朱庆林,王红光.海洋资料浮标观测技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].仪器仪表学报,2014(11).

戴洪磊,牟乃夏,王春玉,田茂义.我国海洋浮标发展现状及趋势[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2014(02).

李鹏,许啸春,潘灵芝.东海海洋环境监测网浮标观测站布设及其科学意义[J].上海国土资源,2014(01).

林涛.近岸海域水质在线自动监测系统的营养盐数据质量控制方法研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013(07).

于灏,吕海良,关一,邵杰,周雅卓.船载海洋生态环境监测系统集成平台设计研究[J].船舶工程,2013(03).

王春谊,李芝凤,吴迪,麻常雷.美国海洋观测系统分析[J].海洋技术,2012(03).

王瑞文,叶冬.中国近海现场海洋观测系统设计评估[J].海洋通报,2012(02).

李健,陈荣裕,王盛安,毛华斌,何云开,隋丹丹,谢强,施平,杨跃忠,王东晓.国际海洋观测技术发展趋势与中国深海台站建设实践[J].热带海洋学报,2012(02).

姬再良,董树文.世界首座海洋观测网体系——加拿大“海王星”海底观测技术[J].地球学报,2012(01).

李天深,李远强,赖春苗,宁耘,卢印思.廉洲湾赤潮自动监测结果与分析[J].中国环境监测,2011(04).

王初升,唐森铭,宋普庆.我国赤潮灾害的经济损失评估[J].海洋环境科学,2011(03).

李慧青,朱光文,李燕,高艳波,葛运国.欧洲国家的海洋观测系统及其对我国的启示[J].海洋开发与管理,2011(01).

赵吉浩,高艳波,朱光文,葛运国.海洋观测技术进展[J].海洋技术,2008(04).

马毅.我国海洋观测预报系统概述[J].海洋预报,2008(01).

蔡树群,张文静,王盛安.海洋环境观测技术研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2007(03).

庄宏儒.水质自动监测系统在厦门同安湾赤潮短期预报中的应用[J].海洋环境科学,2006(02).

苏纪兰,唐启升.我国海洋生态系统基础研究的发展——国际趋势和国内需求[J].地球科学进展,2005(02).

孙思萍.海床基自动监测平台技术的研究应用[J].海洋技术,2003(03).

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

基于深度学习的复杂页岩储层多参数协同高效预测——以松辽盆地青山口组为例

《地质科技通报》征稿启事

基于相场法的高压电脉冲压裂岩体裂缝扩展规律

应用多尺度微地震识别沙溪庙组致密砂岩水力压裂裂缝特征

融合集成机器学习与负样本采样策略的降雨群发滑坡易发性评价

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

AI问答

⁰