西藏卡吾地热水地球化学特征及其成因机制

王轲; 刘明亮; 师红杰; 卫兴; 黄丽浈

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240477

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西藏卡吾地热水地球化学特征及其成因机制

更新时间：2026-11-05

- 西藏卡吾地热水地球化学特征及其成因机制
- Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 142-153(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 长江大学油气地球化学与环境湖北省重点实验室
  2. 长江大学资源与环境学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240477
  CLC： P314
- Online First：01 July 2025，
  
  Published：01 July 2025
- 稿件说明：
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王轲, 刘明亮, 师红杰, et al. 西藏卡吾地热水地球化学特征及其成因机制[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(4): 142-153.
DOI：

王轲, 刘明亮, 师红杰, et al. 西藏卡吾地热水地球化学特征及其成因机制[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2025, 44(4): 142-153. DOI： 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240477.

摘要

卡吾是藏南地区典型的高温水热系统，具有较大的开采潜力，而现阶段对其成因机制还远未充分认识，限制了地热资源的进一步开发利用。为了进一步探究卡吾地热区地热成因及热源，基于卡吾地热区地热水和浅层冷水的水文地球化学和氢氧同位素特征，评估了地热系统的热储温度，探讨了地热水形成过程中的水文地球化学过程（水-岩反应、冷水混合、水-汽分离等），识别了地热系统的深部热源，进而揭示了地热系统的成因机制。结果表明：地热水水化学类型主要为HCO

-Cl-Na型，Na-K温标计算的深层统一热储温度为280℃，K-Mg温标和石英温标计算的浅层热储温度约175℃，冷水混合比例为50%～76%，还原的深部热储氘氧同位素范围分别为-207.20‰～-185.25‰，-22.26‰～-17.74‰。基于以上认识，提出了卡吾地热系统的成因模式：卡吾为一具有岩浆热源的的地热系统，深部统一的母地热流体沿区域内不同断裂向上运移并经过不同水文地球化学过程形成4个不同分布的浅部热储，最终出露形成卡吾地热水。研究成果为卡吾地热区地热资源的合理开发和高效利用提供了重要的指导作用，并可为藏南地区同类型地热系统成因机制的研究提供借鉴思路。

Abstract

ObjectiveThe Kawu area is a typical high-temperature hydrothermal system in southern Tibet

with high potential for exploitation. However

the current understanding of its genesis mechanisms is still insufficient

which limits the further development and utilization of geothermal resources. This study aims to investigate the genesis and thermal sources of the Kawu geothermal region. MethodsHydrogeochemical characteristics and hydrogen-oxygen isotope data of geothermal and shallow cold waters were analyzed to assess the thermal reservoir temperatures of the geothermal system. The hydrogeochemical processes involved in the formation of geothermal waters

including water-rock interactions

cold water mixing

and water-steam separation

were explored. Additionally

the deep thermal sources of the geothermal system were identified

shedding light on the genesis mechanisms of the system. ResultsThe results indicated that the geothermal waters primarily exhibited a neutral to weakly alkaline HCO3-Cl-Na chemical type. The Na-K geothermometer estimated the uniform deep thermal reservoir temperature at 280℃

while the K-Mg and quartz geothermometers estimated the shallow thermal reservoir temperature at approximately 175℃. The cold-water mixing ratio ranged from 50% to 76%. The deuterium and oxygen isotopic values of the reduced deep thermal reservoir ranged from −207.20‰ to −185.25‰ and −22.26‰ to −17.74‰

respectively. Based on these findings

a conceptual model for the Kawu geothermal system is proposed. It is suggested that Kawu area is a geothermal system with a magmatic heat source

where a uniform deep geothermal fluid rises along various regional fractures and undergoes different hydrogeochemical processes

resulting in the formation of four distinct shallow thermal reservoirs with varying distributions. This ultimately leads to the emergence of Kawu geothermal water. ConclusionThe study provides important guidance for the rational development and efficient utilization of geothermal resources in the Kawu geothermal region and offers valuable insights for studying the genesis mechanisms of similar geothermal systems in southern Tibet.

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